Player Avatar
7
pskruelty

NA - Updated 4 years ago

Normal: Arena - 4 years ago
13m
-24
Elo

What is Elo+ (Elo Plus)?

This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.

The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.

-45 SR
View Match
3 / 9 / 11
0.94 KDA
He Bo
Level 19 / 13,080G
Evolved Mage's Blessing

Evolved Mage's Blessing

+10 Bonus Ability Damage +10 Physical Power +30 Magical Power +2 MP5 Per 10% Missing Mana +10% Cooldown Reduction ROLE QUEST: MID: COMPLETED!

Shoes of Focus

Shoes of Focus

+55
Magical Power
+250
Mana
+10%
Cooldown Reduction
+18%
Movement Speed

Y10 Bancroft's Talon

Y10 Bancroft's Talon

+80
Magical Power
+200
Mana
+10%
Magical Lifesteal

PASSIVE - You gain additional Magical Power and Lifesteal scaled from missing Health. This caps at 70 power and 10% Lifesteal at 40% Health.

Spear of Desolation

Spear of Desolation

+80
Magical Power
+15
Magical Penetration
+10%
Cooldown Reduction

PASSIVE - If you receive a kill or assist on an Enemy God all of your non-ultimate cooldowns are reduced by 2 seconds and your ultimate cooldown is reduced by 6 seconds.

Soul Reaver

Soul Reaver

+65
Magical Power
+300
Mana

PASSIVE - Your abilities deal an additional 1% of the target's maximum Health as Magical Damage. If the target has over 2000 Health, your ability bonus damage scales up. This effect reaches a maximum of 9% Maximum Health damage at 2750 Health. Subsequent hits on the same target do half the bonus damage for the next 3s.

Lost Artifact

Lost Artifact

+20
Magical Power
+5
Mp 5

Normal: Arena - 4 years ago
13m
+34
Elo

What is Elo+ (Elo Plus)?

This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.

The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.

+108 SR
View Match
6 / 3 / 17
4.83 KDA
He Bo
Level 20 / 13,750G
Y10 Bancroft's Talon

Y10 Bancroft's Talon

+80
Magical Power
+200
Mana
+10%
Magical Lifesteal

PASSIVE - You gain additional Magical Power and Lifesteal scaled from missing Health. This caps at 70 power and 10% Lifesteal at 40% Health.

Shoes of Focus

Shoes of Focus

+55
Magical Power
+250
Mana
+10%
Cooldown Reduction
+18%
Movement Speed

Breastplate of Valor

Breastplate of Valor

+50
Physical Protection
+300
Mana
+15
Mp 5
+20%
Cooldown Reduction

Y10 Book of Thoth

Y10 Book of Thoth

+70
Magical Power
+250
Mana
+20
Mp 5

PASSIVE - You permanently gain 7 Mana per Stack, and receive 5 Stacks for a god kill and 1 Stack for a minion kill (max. 75 Stacks). You gain Magical Power equal to 4% of your Mana from items. At 75 stacks this item Evolves, gaining 10 Magical Penetration and Increasing the Magical Power gained from Mana to 7%.

S9 Divine Ruin

S9 Divine Ruin

+100
Magical Power
+15
Magical Penetration

PASSIVE - Enemies hit by your abilities have 40% reduced healing for 5 seconds.

Normal: Arena - 4 years ago
9m
+42
Elo

What is Elo+ (Elo Plus)?

This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.

The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.

+119 SR
View Match
9 / 0 / 25
21.5 KDA
He Bo
Level 17 / 10,387G
Evolved Attacker's Blessing

Evolved Attacker's Blessing

+20 Physical Power +25 Magical Power +10 Penetration ROLE QUEST: DAMAGE: COMPLETED!

Shoes of Focus

Shoes of Focus

+55
Magical Power
+250
Mana
+10%
Cooldown Reduction
+18%
Movement Speed

Y10 Bancroft's Talon

Y10 Bancroft's Talon

+80
Magical Power
+200
Mana
+10%
Magical Lifesteal

PASSIVE - You gain additional Magical Power and Lifesteal scaled from missing Health. This caps at 70 power and 10% Lifesteal at 40% Health.

Cursed Orb

Cursed Orb

+55
Magical Power
+15
Mp 5
+5
Magical Penetration
+2%
Movement Speed

PASSIVE - Killing or assisting an enemy minion provides you with 1 stack, granting 1% Movement Speed and 4 Magical Power per stack. Stacks last for 10s and stack up to 4 times. Enemy gods provide 4 stacks.

Normal: Arena - 4 years ago
15m
+51
Elo

What is Elo+ (Elo Plus)?

This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.

The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.

+166 SR
View Match
11 / 6 / 11
2.75 KDA
He Bo
Level 20 / 16,274G
Shoes of Focus

Shoes of Focus

+55
Magical Power
+250
Mana
+10%
Cooldown Reduction
+18%
Movement Speed

Y10 Bancroft's Talon

Y10 Bancroft's Talon

+80
Magical Power
+200
Mana
+10%
Magical Lifesteal

PASSIVE - You gain additional Magical Power and Lifesteal scaled from missing Health. This caps at 70 power and 10% Lifesteal at 40% Health.

S9 Divine Ruin

S9 Divine Ruin

+100
Magical Power
+15
Magical Penetration

PASSIVE - Enemies hit by your abilities have 40% reduced healing for 5 seconds.

Breastplate of Valor

Breastplate of Valor

+50
Physical Protection
+300
Mana
+15
Mp 5
+20%
Cooldown Reduction

Soul Reaver

Soul Reaver

+65
Magical Power
+300
Mana

PASSIVE - Your abilities deal an additional 1% of the target's maximum Health as Magical Damage. If the target has over 2000 Health, your ability bonus damage scales up. This effect reaches a maximum of 9% Maximum Health damage at 2750 Health. Subsequent hits on the same target do half the bonus damage for the next 3s.

Evolved Attacker's Blessing

Evolved Attacker's Blessing

+20 Physical Power +25 Magical Power +10 Penetration ROLE QUEST: DAMAGE: COMPLETED!

Normal: Arena - 4 years ago
12m
+44
Elo

What is Elo+ (Elo Plus)?

This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.

The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.

+245 SR
View Match
0 / 8 / 22
1.38 KDA
King Arthur
Level 19 / 11,711G
Evolved Attacker's Blessing

Evolved Attacker's Blessing

+20 Physical Power +25 Magical Power +10 Penetration ROLE QUEST: DAMAGE: COMPLETED!

Warrior Tabi

Warrior Tabi

+40
Physical Power
+100
Mana
+18%
Movement Speed

Y10 Transcendence

Y10 Transcendence

+25
Physical Power
+300
Mana
+10
Mp 5

PASSIVE - You permanently gain 15 Mana per Stack, and receive 5 Stacks for a god kill, and 1 Stack for a minion kill (max. 50 stacks). You gain Physical Power equal to 2% of your Maximum Mana. At 50 stacks this item Evolves, gaining 10% Cooldown Reduction.

OLD Shifter's Shield

OLD Shifter's Shield

+25
Physical Power
+25
Physical Protection

PASSIVE - While over 75% Health, you gain +25 Physical Power. While under 75% Health, you gain +40 Protections.

Normal: Arena - 4 years ago
18m
-21
Elo

What is Elo+ (Elo Plus)?

This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.

The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.

-27 SR
View Match
5 / 13 / 12
0.85 KDA
He Bo
Level 20 / 16,256G
Evolved Attacker's Blessing

Evolved Attacker's Blessing

+20 Physical Power +25 Magical Power +10 Penetration ROLE QUEST: DAMAGE: COMPLETED!

Shoes of the Magi

Shoes of the Magi

+75
Magical Power
+100
Mana
+8%
Magical Lifesteal
+18%
Movement Speed

Spear of Desolation

Spear of Desolation

+80
Magical Power
+15
Magical Penetration
+10%
Cooldown Reduction

PASSIVE - If you receive a kill or assist on an Enemy God all of your non-ultimate cooldowns are reduced by 2 seconds and your ultimate cooldown is reduced by 6 seconds.

Breastplate of Valor

Breastplate of Valor

+50
Physical Protection
+300
Mana
+15
Mp 5
+20%
Cooldown Reduction

Y10 Book of Thoth

Y10 Book of Thoth

+70
Magical Power
+250
Mana
+20
Mp 5

PASSIVE - You permanently gain 7 Mana per Stack, and receive 5 Stacks for a god kill and 1 Stack for a minion kill (max. 75 Stacks). You gain Magical Power equal to 4% of your Mana from items. At 75 stacks this item Evolves, gaining 10 Magical Penetration and Increasing the Magical Power gained from Mana to 7%.

Soul Reaver

Soul Reaver

+65
Magical Power
+300
Mana

PASSIVE - Your abilities deal an additional 1% of the target's maximum Health as Magical Damage. If the target has over 2000 Health, your ability bonus damage scales up. This effect reaches a maximum of 9% Maximum Health damage at 2750 Health. Subsequent hits on the same target do half the bonus damage for the next 3s.

Normal: Arena - 4 years ago
11m
-27
Elo

What is Elo+ (Elo Plus)?

This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.

The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.

-23 SR
View Match
1 / 6 / 3
0.42 KDA
He Bo
Level 16 / 10,203G
Shoes of Focus

Shoes of Focus

+55
Magical Power
+250
Mana
+10%
Cooldown Reduction
+18%
Movement Speed

Y10 Book of Thoth

Y10 Book of Thoth

+70
Magical Power
+250
Mana
+20
Mp 5

PASSIVE - You permanently gain 7 Mana per Stack, and receive 5 Stacks for a god kill and 1 Stack for a minion kill (max. 75 Stacks). You gain Magical Power equal to 4% of your Mana from items. At 75 stacks this item Evolves, gaining 10 Magical Penetration and Increasing the Magical Power gained from Mana to 7%.

S9 Divine Ruin

S9 Divine Ruin

+100
Magical Power
+15
Magical Penetration

PASSIVE - Enemies hit by your abilities have 40% reduced healing for 5 seconds.

Silver Breastplate

Silver Breastplate

+25
Physical Protection
+200
Mana
+10
Mp 5
+10%
Cooldown Reduction

Normal: Arena - 4 years ago
16m
-44
Elo

What is Elo+ (Elo Plus)?

This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.

The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.

-64 SR
View Match
1 / 6 / 12
1.17 KDA
He Bo
Level 20 / 13,943G
Evolved Attacker's Blessing

Evolved Attacker's Blessing

+20 Physical Power +25 Magical Power +10 Penetration ROLE QUEST: DAMAGE: COMPLETED!

Shoes of Focus

Shoes of Focus

+55
Magical Power
+250
Mana
+10%
Cooldown Reduction
+18%
Movement Speed

Y10 Bancroft's Talon

Y10 Bancroft's Talon

+80
Magical Power
+200
Mana
+10%
Magical Lifesteal

PASSIVE - You gain additional Magical Power and Lifesteal scaled from missing Health. This caps at 70 power and 10% Lifesteal at 40% Health.

Spear of Desolation

Spear of Desolation

+80
Magical Power
+15
Magical Penetration
+10%
Cooldown Reduction

PASSIVE - If you receive a kill or assist on an Enemy God all of your non-ultimate cooldowns are reduced by 2 seconds and your ultimate cooldown is reduced by 6 seconds.

Soul Reaver

Soul Reaver

+65
Magical Power
+300
Mana

PASSIVE - Your abilities deal an additional 1% of the target's maximum Health as Magical Damage. If the target has over 2000 Health, your ability bonus damage scales up. This effect reaches a maximum of 9% Maximum Health damage at 2750 Health. Subsequent hits on the same target do half the bonus damage for the next 3s.

Cursed Orb

Cursed Orb

+55
Magical Power
+15
Mp 5
+5
Magical Penetration
+2%
Movement Speed

PASSIVE - Killing or assisting an enemy minion provides you with 1 stack, granting 1% Movement Speed and 4 Magical Power per stack. Stacks last for 10s and stack up to 4 times. Enemy gods provide 4 stacks.

Normal: Arena - 4 years ago
11m
-43
Elo

What is Elo+ (Elo Plus)?

This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.

The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.

-56 SR
View Match
1 / 7 / 8
0.71 KDA
He Bo
Level 16 / 10,253G
Evolved Attacker's Blessing

Evolved Attacker's Blessing

+20 Physical Power +25 Magical Power +10 Penetration ROLE QUEST: DAMAGE: COMPLETED!

Shoes of Focus

Shoes of Focus

+55
Magical Power
+250
Mana
+10%
Cooldown Reduction
+18%
Movement Speed

Y10 Bancroft's Talon

Y10 Bancroft's Talon

+80
Magical Power
+200
Mana
+10%
Magical Lifesteal

PASSIVE - You gain additional Magical Power and Lifesteal scaled from missing Health. This caps at 70 power and 10% Lifesteal at 40% Health.

S9 Divine Ruin

S9 Divine Ruin

+100
Magical Power
+15
Magical Penetration

PASSIVE - Enemies hit by your abilities have 40% reduced healing for 5 seconds.

Book of Souls

Book of Souls

+55
Magical Power
+150
Mana

PASSIVE - Gain a stack each time you damage an enemy god with an ability or Basic Attack. At 4 stacks, your next ability or Basic Attack deals 20 + 4 per level Magical damage.

Normal: Arena - 4 years ago
15m
-65
Elo

What is Elo+ (Elo Plus)?

This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.

The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.

-101 SR
View Match
1 / 7 / 6
0.57 KDA
He Bo
Level 20 / 13,330G
Evolved Warrior's Blessing

Evolved Warrior's Blessing

+75 Health +25 Physical & Magical Protection +25 Health Stolen and Mana Restored Upon Damaging An Enemy God, 10s Cooldown ROLE QUEST: SOLO: COMPLETED!

Shoes of Focus

Shoes of Focus

+55
Magical Power
+250
Mana
+10%
Cooldown Reduction
+18%
Movement Speed

Breastplate of Valor

Breastplate of Valor

+50
Physical Protection
+300
Mana
+15
Mp 5
+20%
Cooldown Reduction

Y10 Bancroft's Talon

Y10 Bancroft's Talon

+80
Magical Power
+200
Mana
+10%
Magical Lifesteal

PASSIVE - You gain additional Magical Power and Lifesteal scaled from missing Health. This caps at 70 power and 10% Lifesteal at 40% Health.

Void Doumaru

Void Doumaru

+60
Magical Protection
+150
Health
+35
Mp 5
+20%
Crowd Control Reduction

AURA - Enemy gods within 55 units have their Magical Protection reduced by 10%.

Y10 Enchanted Trinket

Y10 Enchanted Trinket

+30
Magical Power
+100
Health
+6%
Magical Lifesteal

Normal: Arena - 4 years ago
14m
-89
Elo

What is Elo+ (Elo Plus)?

This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.

The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.

-234 SR
View Match
0 / 5 / 3
0.3 KDA
He Bo
Level 16 / 10,779G
Evolved Mage's Blessing

Evolved Mage's Blessing

+10 Bonus Ability Damage +10 Physical Power +30 Magical Power +2 MP5 Per 10% Missing Mana +10% Cooldown Reduction ROLE QUEST: MID: COMPLETED!

Shoes of Focus

Shoes of Focus

+55
Magical Power
+250
Mana
+10%
Cooldown Reduction
+18%
Movement Speed

Y10 Bancroft's Talon

Y10 Bancroft's Talon

+80
Magical Power
+200
Mana
+10%
Magical Lifesteal

PASSIVE - You gain additional Magical Power and Lifesteal scaled from missing Health. This caps at 70 power and 10% Lifesteal at 40% Health.

S9 Divine Ruin

S9 Divine Ruin

+100
Magical Power
+15
Magical Penetration

PASSIVE - Enemies hit by your abilities have 40% reduced healing for 5 seconds.

Book of Souls

Book of Souls

+55
Magical Power
+150
Mana

PASSIVE - Gain a stack each time you damage an enemy god with an ability or Basic Attack. At 4 stacks, your next ability or Basic Attack deals 20 + 4 per level Magical damage.

Normal: Arena - 4 years ago
10m
-86
Elo

What is Elo+ (Elo Plus)?

This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.

The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.

-165 SR
View Match
S8 Meditation Cloak Upgrade

S8 Meditation Cloak Upgrade

Using this item restores 75 Health + 12 Health per level and 30% Mana to all Allied gods within 35 units. Allies affected by Meditation Cloak have their abilities' mana cost reduced by 30% and their Ability Cooldowns reduced by 1s upon use. Cooldown - 120s.

0 / 9 / 5
0.28 KDA
Ymir
Level 15 / 8,855G
Evolved Attacker's Blessing

Evolved Attacker's Blessing

+20 Physical Power +25 Magical Power +10 Penetration ROLE QUEST: DAMAGE: COMPLETED!

Shoes of Focus

Shoes of Focus

+55
Magical Power
+250
Mana
+10%
Cooldown Reduction
+18%
Movement Speed

Charon's Coin

Charon's Coin

+75
Magical Power
+20
Magical Penetration
+7
Hp 5
+20
Mp 5

PASSIVE - On god kill or assist a coin is flipped. If heads, you gain a stack of 7 HP5. If tails, you gain a stack of 2% Movement Speed. Each effect can stack up to 4 times and at 8 stacks this item evolves. You also gain 15 gold every time the coin is flipped.

Breastplate of Valor

Breastplate of Valor

+50
Physical Protection
+300
Mana
+15
Mp 5
+20%
Cooldown Reduction

Normal: Arena - 4 years ago
16m
+128
Elo

What is Elo+ (Elo Plus)?

This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.

The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.

+204 SR
View Match
2 / 10 / 14
0.9 KDA
Ra
Level 20 / 14,170G
Y10 Book of Thoth

Y10 Book of Thoth

+70
Magical Power
+250
Mana
+20
Mp 5

PASSIVE - You permanently gain 7 Mana per Stack, and receive 5 Stacks for a god kill and 1 Stack for a minion kill (max. 75 Stacks). You gain Magical Power equal to 4% of your Mana from items. At 75 stacks this item Evolves, gaining 10 Magical Penetration and Increasing the Magical Power gained from Mana to 7%.

Shoes of Focus

Shoes of Focus

+55
Magical Power
+250
Mana
+10%
Cooldown Reduction
+18%
Movement Speed

Spear of Desolation

Spear of Desolation

+80
Magical Power
+15
Magical Penetration
+10%
Cooldown Reduction

PASSIVE - If you receive a kill or assist on an Enemy God all of your non-ultimate cooldowns are reduced by 2 seconds and your ultimate cooldown is reduced by 6 seconds.

Ethereal Staff

Ethereal Staff

+70
Magical Power
+150
Health
+20%
Crowd Control Reduction

PASSIVE - Whenever you damage an enemy god with an ability you steal 8% maximum mana as well as 6% maximum health from the target. The Stats remain stolen for 60s and targets affected can have up to 4 Buffs and Debuffs at once. This can only occur once every 15 seconds.

Book of Souls

Book of Souls

+55
Magical Power
+150
Mana

PASSIVE - Gain a stack each time you damage an enemy god with an ability or Basic Attack. At 4 stacks, your next ability or Basic Attack deals 20 + 4 per level Magical damage.

Normal: Arena - 4 years ago
13m
-62
Elo

What is Elo+ (Elo Plus)?

This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.

The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.

-151 SR
View Match
1 / 5 / 12
1.4 KDA
Neith
Level 19 / 12,428G
Evolved Mage's Blessing

Evolved Mage's Blessing

+10 Bonus Ability Damage +10 Physical Power +30 Magical Power +2 MP5 Per 10% Missing Mana +10% Cooldown Reduction ROLE QUEST: MID: COMPLETED!

Warrior Tabi

Warrior Tabi

+40
Physical Power
+100
Mana
+18%
Movement Speed

Y10 Transcendence

Y10 Transcendence

+25
Physical Power
+300
Mana
+10
Mp 5

PASSIVE - You permanently gain 15 Mana per Stack, and receive 5 Stacks for a god kill, and 1 Stack for a minion kill (max. 50 stacks). You gain Physical Power equal to 2% of your Maximum Mana. At 50 stacks this item Evolves, gaining 10% Cooldown Reduction.

Jotunn's Wrath

Jotunn's Wrath

+40
Physical Power
+150
Mana
+10
Physical Penetration
+20%
Cooldown Reduction

Normal: Arena - 4 years ago
12m
+242
Elo

What is Elo+ (Elo Plus)?

This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.

The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.

+206 SR
View Match
1 / 4 / 22
3 KDA
Neith
Level 18 / 11,670G
Evolved Mage's Blessing

Evolved Mage's Blessing

+10 Bonus Ability Damage +10 Physical Power +30 Magical Power +2 MP5 Per 10% Missing Mana +10% Cooldown Reduction ROLE QUEST: MID: COMPLETED!

Warrior Tabi

Warrior Tabi

+40
Physical Power
+100
Mana
+18%
Movement Speed

Y10 Transcendence

Y10 Transcendence

+25
Physical Power
+300
Mana
+10
Mp 5

PASSIVE - You permanently gain 15 Mana per Stack, and receive 5 Stacks for a god kill, and 1 Stack for a minion kill (max. 50 stacks). You gain Physical Power equal to 2% of your Maximum Mana. At 50 stacks this item Evolves, gaining 10% Cooldown Reduction.

Jotunn's Wrath

Jotunn's Wrath

+40
Physical Power
+150
Mana
+10
Physical Penetration
+20%
Cooldown Reduction

Morningstar

Morningstar

+7
Physical Power
+50
Mana

Normal: Arena - 4 years ago
12m
-295
Elo

What is Elo+ (Elo Plus)?

This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.

The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.

-201 SR
View Match
3 / 9 / 6
0.67 KDA
Artemis
Level 17 / 11,147G
Evolved Hunter's Blessing

Evolved Hunter's Blessing

+30 Basic Attack Damage +10 MP5 +15% Attack Speed ROLE QUEST: CARRY: COMPLETED!

Ninja Tabi

Ninja Tabi

+20
Physical Power
+100
Mana
+25%
Attack Speed
+18%
Movement Speed

Y10 Transcendence

Y10 Transcendence

+25
Physical Power
+300
Mana
+10
Mp 5

PASSIVE - You permanently gain 15 Mana per Stack, and receive 5 Stacks for a god kill, and 1 Stack for a minion kill (max. 50 stacks). You gain Physical Power equal to 2% of your Maximum Mana. At 50 stacks this item Evolves, gaining 10% Cooldown Reduction.

OLD Ichaival

OLD Ichaival

+30%
Attack Speed
+35
Physical Power

PASSIVE - Every successful Basic Attack increases your Physical Power by 10 and reduces the attack speed of your opponent by 7% for 5s. (Max. 3 Stacks)

The Executioner

The Executioner

+30
Physical Power
+20%
Attack Speed

PASSIVE - Basic Attacks against an enemy reduce your target's Physical Protection by 7% for 3 seconds (max. 4 Stacks).