This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Relics provide special powers available to all gods. Your first Relic is free at Level 1 and your Second Relic is unlocked once you reach Level 12.
PASSIVE - You gain 15% of your maximum Health and Mana over the next 3 seconds when you get a kill or assist against an enemy god or Objective.
PASSIVE - If you are hit by a Knockup, Knockback, Pull, or Grab you gain 7% of your max Health over the next 5 seconds. You gain 15 Physical Power and 25 Magical Power while this effect is not on cooldown. This effect does not trigger on Vortexes. Can only occur once every 15s. PASSIVE - Regenerates 0.4% of your max health every second.
PASSIVE - After healing yourself from an ability, you gain 30% movement speed, 15 Physical Power, and 30 Magical Power for 4 seconds. This cannot occur more than once every 10 seconds.
PASSIVE - Basic Attacks and Abilities gain 15% additional Magical Power against targets below 60% Health.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Relics provide special powers available to all gods. Your first Relic is free at Level 1 and your Second Relic is unlocked once you reach Level 12.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Relics provide special powers available to all gods. Your first Relic is free at Level 1 and your Second Relic is unlocked once you reach Level 12.
PASSIVE - When your Ultimate ability has finished casting, reveal all enemy gods within 120 units for 10s. While moving towards revealed enemies gain 20% Movement Speed. When first striking a revealed target they take an additional 30 + 50% of your Physical Power. This can only occur once every 45 seconds.
PASSIVE - Killing an enemy god forges a shield from their blood with Health equal to 200 + 10 per Player Level for 20s. While the Blood Shield is active you gain +10% movement speed.
PASSIVE - If you are hit by a Knockup, Knockback, Pull, or Grab you gain 7% of your max Health over the next 5 seconds. You gain 15 Physical Power and 25 Magical Power while this effect is not on cooldown. This effect does not trigger on Vortexes. Can only occur once every 15s. PASSIVE - Regenerates 0.4% of your max health every second.
PASSIVE - You gain 15% of your maximum Health and Mana over the next 3 seconds when you get a kill or assist against an enemy god or Objective.
PASSIVE - For each enemy god within 55 units of you, you gain a stacking buff that provides 10 Physical Protections and 8 Magical Protections. Stacks up to 3 times.
PASSIVE - For each 0.02 Attack Speed you go over 2.5 Attack Speed, you gain 3 Physical Power. You can not gain more than 120 Physical Power in this way.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Relics provide special powers available to all gods. Your first Relic is free at Level 1 and your Second Relic is unlocked once you reach Level 12.
PASSIVE - If you are hit by a Knockup, Knockback, Pull, or Grab you gain 7% of your max Health over the next 5 seconds. You gain 15 Physical Power and 25 Magical Power while this effect is not on cooldown. This effect does not trigger on Vortexes. Can only occur once every 15s. PASSIVE - Regenerates 0.4% of your max health every second.
PASSIVE - You gain 15% of your maximum Health and Mana over the next 3 seconds when you get a kill or assist against an enemy god or Objective.
PASSIVE - If you receive a kill or assist on an Enemy God all of your non-ultimate cooldowns are reduced by 2 seconds and your ultimate cooldown is reduced by 6 seconds.
PASSIVE - After healing yourself from an ability, you gain 30% movement speed, 15 Physical Power, and 30 Magical Power for 4 seconds. This cannot occur more than once every 10 seconds.
PASSIVE - Assists on a minion give 1 Stack and God kills and assists give 5 Stacks. Stacks provide 1 Physical and Magical Protection. At 45 Stacks this item evolves, providing an Aura of 10 Physical Protection and 10 Magical Protection.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Relics provide special powers available to all gods. Your first Relic is free at Level 1 and your Second Relic is unlocked once you reach Level 12.
PASSIVE - When your Ultimate ability has finished casting, reveal all enemy gods within 120 units for 10s. While moving towards revealed enemies gain 20% Movement Speed. When first striking a revealed target they take an additional 30 + 50% of your Physical Power. This can only occur once every 45 seconds.
PASSIVE - Killing an enemy god forges a shield from their blood with Health equal to 200 + 10 per Player Level for 20s. While the Blood Shield is active you gain +10% movement speed.
PASSIVE - You gain 15% of your maximum Health and Mana over the next 3 seconds when you get a kill or assist against an enemy god or Objective.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Relics provide special powers available to all gods. Your first Relic is free at Level 1 and your Second Relic is unlocked once you reach Level 12.
PASSIVE - When your Ultimate ability has finished casting, reveal all enemy gods within 120 units for 10s. While moving towards revealed enemies gain 20% Movement Speed. When first striking a revealed target they take an additional 30 + 50% of your Physical Power. This can only occur once every 45 seconds.
PASSIVE - Killing an enemy god forges a shield from their blood with Health equal to 200 + 10 per Player Level for 20s. While the Blood Shield is active you gain +10% movement speed.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Relics provide special powers available to all gods. Your first Relic is free at Level 1 and your Second Relic is unlocked once you reach Level 12.
PASSIVE - When your Ultimate ability has finished casting, reveal all enemy gods within 120 units for 10s. While moving towards revealed enemies gain 20% Movement Speed. When first striking a revealed target they take an additional 30 + 50% of your Physical Power. This can only occur once every 45 seconds.
PASSIVE - For each 0.02 Attack Speed you go over 2.5 Attack Speed, you gain 3 Physical Power. You can not gain more than 120 Physical Power in this way.
PASSIVE - You gain 15% of your maximum Health and Mana over the next 3 seconds when you get a kill or assist against an enemy god or Objective.
PASSIVE - Killing an enemy god forges a shield from their blood with Health equal to 200 + 10 per Player Level for 20s. While the Blood Shield is active you gain +10% movement speed.
PASSIVE - Every successful Basic Attack increases your Physical Power by 10 and reduces the attack speed of your opponent by 7% for 5s. (Max. 3 Stacks)
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Relics provide special powers available to all gods. Your first Relic is free at Level 1 and your Second Relic is unlocked once you reach Level 12.
PASSIVE - If you are hit by a Knockup, Knockback, Pull, or Grab you gain 7% of your max Health over the next 5 seconds. You gain 15 Physical Power and 25 Magical Power while this effect is not on cooldown. This effect does not trigger on Vortexes. Can only occur once every 15s. PASSIVE - Regenerates 0.4% of your max health every second.
PASSIVE - You gain 15% of your maximum Health and Mana over the next 3 seconds when you get a kill or assist against an enemy god or Objective.
PASSIVE - Whenever you damage an enemy god with an ability you mark them to take 5% increased damage from all sources. This effect lasts for 8s and can only occur once every 15s.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Relics provide special powers available to all gods. Your first Relic is free at Level 1 and your Second Relic is unlocked once you reach Level 12.
PASSIVE - If you are hit by a Knockup, Knockback, Pull, or Grab you gain 7% of your max Health over the next 5 seconds. You gain 15 Physical Power and 25 Magical Power while this effect is not on cooldown. This effect does not trigger on Vortexes. Can only occur once every 15s. PASSIVE - Regenerates 0.4% of your max health every second.
PASSIVE - You gain 15% of your maximum Health and Mana over the next 3 seconds when you get a kill or assist against an enemy god or Objective.
PASSIVE - For each 0.02 Attack Speed you go over 2.5 Attack Speed, you gain 3 Physical Power. You can not gain more than 120 Physical Power in this way.
PASSIVE - Every fourth Basic Attack triggers a chain lightning, damaging the target and up to 4 nearby enemies for 15 damage +60% of your total Basic Attack Power.
PASSIVE - Killing an enemy god forges a shield from their blood with Health equal to 200 + 10 per Player Level for 20s. While the Blood Shield is active you gain +10% movement speed.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Relics provide special powers available to all gods. Your first Relic is free at Level 1 and your Second Relic is unlocked once you reach Level 12.
PASSIVE - Basic Attacks and Abilities gain 15% additional Magical Power against targets below 60% Health.
PASSIVE - Whenever you damage an enemy god with an ability you mark them to take 5% increased damage from all sources. This effect lasts for 8s and can only occur once every 15s.
PASSIVE - If you are hit by a Knockup, Knockback, Pull, or Grab you gain 7% of your max Health over the next 5 seconds. You gain 15 Physical Power and 25 Magical Power while this effect is not on cooldown. This effect does not trigger on Vortexes. Can only occur once every 15s. PASSIVE - Regenerates 0.4% of your max health every second.
PASSIVE - You gain 15% of your maximum Health and Mana over the next 3 seconds when you get a kill or assist against an enemy god or Objective.
PASSIVE - After healing yourself from an ability, you gain 30% movement speed, 15 Physical Power, and 30 Magical Power for 4 seconds. This cannot occur more than once every 10 seconds.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Relics provide special powers available to all gods. Your first Relic is free at Level 1 and your Second Relic is unlocked once you reach Level 12.
PASSIVE - When your Ultimate ability has finished casting, reveal all enemy gods within 120 units for 10s. While moving towards revealed enemies gain 20% Movement Speed. When first striking a revealed target they take an additional 30 + 50% of your Physical Power. This can only occur once every 45 seconds.
PASSIVE - If you are hit by a Knockup, Knockback, Pull, or Grab you gain 7% of your max Health over the next 5 seconds. You gain 15 Physical Power and 25 Magical Power while this effect is not on cooldown. This effect does not trigger on Vortexes. Can only occur once every 15s. PASSIVE - Regenerates 0.4% of your max health every second.
PASSIVE - You gain 15% of your maximum Health and Mana over the next 3 seconds when you get a kill or assist against an enemy god or Objective.
PASSIVE - You gain +20% additional Movement Speed after leaving the Fountain. This effect lasts 7s.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
PASSIVE - Basic Attacks and Abilities gain 15% additional Magical Power against targets below 60% Health.
PASSIVE - You gain +20% additional Movement Speed after leaving the Fountain. This effect lasts 7s.
PASSIVE - If you are hit by a Knockup, Knockback, Pull, or Grab you gain 7% of your max Health over the next 5 seconds. You gain 15 Physical Power and 25 Magical Power while this effect is not on cooldown. This effect does not trigger on Vortexes. Can only occur once every 15s. PASSIVE - Regenerates 0.4% of your max health every second.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Relics provide special powers available to all gods. Your first Relic is free at Level 1 and your Second Relic is unlocked once you reach Level 12.
PASSIVE - When your Ultimate ability has finished casting, reveal all enemy gods within 120 units for 10s. While moving towards revealed enemies gain 20% Movement Speed. When first striking a revealed target they take an additional 30 + 50% of your Physical Power. This can only occur once every 45 seconds.
PASSIVE - Killing an enemy god forges a shield from their blood with Health equal to 200 + 10 per Player Level for 20s. While the Blood Shield is active you gain +10% movement speed.
PASSIVE - For each 0.02 Attack Speed you go over 2.5 Attack Speed, you gain 3 Physical Power. You can not gain more than 120 Physical Power in this way.
PASSIVE - Every successful Basic Attack increases your Physical Power by 10 and reduces the attack speed of your opponent by 7% for 5s. (Max. 3 Stacks)
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Relics provide special powers available to all gods. Your first Relic is free at Level 1 and your Second Relic is unlocked once you reach Level 12.
PASSIVE: Dart deals 40% increased damage and can Critically Strike. When Dart damages an enemy Ratatoskr gains 22.5% Physical Lifesteal and 20% Basic Attack damage for 6s.
PASSIVE - When your Ultimate ability has finished casting, reveal all enemy gods within 120 units for 10s. While moving towards revealed enemies gain 20% Movement Speed. When first striking a revealed target they take an additional 30 + 50% of your Physical Power. This can only occur once every 45 seconds.
PASSIVE - If you are hit by a Knockup, Knockback, Pull, or Grab you gain 7% of your max Health over the next 5 seconds. You gain 15 Physical Power and 25 Magical Power while this effect is not on cooldown. This effect does not trigger on Vortexes. Can only occur once every 15s. PASSIVE - Regenerates 0.4% of your max health every second.
PASSIVE - You gain 15% of your maximum Health and Mana over the next 3 seconds when you get a kill or assist against an enemy god or Objective.
PASSIVE - Killing an enemy god forges a shield from their blood with Health equal to 200 + 10 per Player Level for 20s. While the Blood Shield is active you gain +10% movement speed.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Relics provide special powers available to all gods. Your first Relic is free at Level 1 and your Second Relic is unlocked once you reach Level 12.
PASSIVE - When your Ultimate ability has finished casting, reveal all enemy gods within 120 units for 10s. While moving towards revealed enemies gain 20% Movement Speed. When first striking a revealed target they take an additional 30 + 50% of your Physical Power. This can only occur once every 45 seconds.
PASSIVE - You gain 15% of your maximum Health and Mana over the next 3 seconds when you get a kill or assist against an enemy god or Objective.
PASSIVE - Killing an enemy god forges a shield from their blood with Health equal to 200 + 10 per Player Level for 20s. While the Blood Shield is active you gain +10% movement speed.
PASSIVE - For each enemy god within 55 units of you, you gain a stacking buff that provides 10 Physical Protections and 8 Magical Protections. Stacks up to 3 times.
PASSIVE - For each 0.02 Attack Speed you go over 2.5 Attack Speed, you gain 3 Physical Power. You can not gain more than 120 Physical Power in this way.
PASSIVE - If you are hit by a Knockup, Knockback, Pull, or Grab you gain 7% of your max Health over the next 5 seconds. You gain 15 Physical Power and 25 Magical Power while this effect is not on cooldown. This effect does not trigger on Vortexes. Can only occur once every 15s. PASSIVE - Regenerates 0.4% of your max health every second.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Relics provide special powers available to all gods. Your first Relic is free at Level 1 and your Second Relic is unlocked once you reach Level 12.
PASSIVE - You gain 15% of your maximum Health and Mana over the next 3 seconds when you get a kill or assist against an enemy god or Objective.
PASSIVE - If you are hit by a Knockup, Knockback, Pull, or Grab you gain 7% of your max Health over the next 5 seconds. You gain 15 Physical Power and 25 Magical Power while this effect is not on cooldown. This effect does not trigger on Vortexes. Can only occur once every 15s. PASSIVE - Regenerates 0.4% of your max health every second.
PASSIVE - When your Ultimate ability has finished casting, reveal all enemy gods within 120 units for 10s. While moving towards revealed enemies gain 20% Movement Speed. When first striking a revealed target they take an additional 30 + 50% of your Physical Power. This can only occur once every 45 seconds.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Relics provide special powers available to all gods. Your first Relic is free at Level 1 and your Second Relic is unlocked once you reach Level 12.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Relics provide special powers available to all gods. Your first Relic is free at Level 1 and your Second Relic is unlocked once you reach Level 12.
PASSIVE - If you receive a kill or assist on an Enemy God all of your non-ultimate cooldowns are reduced by 2 seconds and your ultimate cooldown is reduced by 6 seconds.
PASSIVE - Whenever you damage an enemy god with an ability you mark them to take 5% increased damage from all sources. This effect lasts for 8s and can only occur once every 15s.
PASSIVE - Your Basic Attacks reduce your target's Magical Protection by 10% for 3s (max 3 Stacks).
PASSIVE - If you are hit by a Knockup, Knockback, Pull, or Grab you gain 7% of your max Health over the next 5 seconds. You gain 15 Physical Power and 25 Magical Power while this effect is not on cooldown. This effect does not trigger on Vortexes. Can only occur once every 15s. PASSIVE - Regenerates 0.4% of your max health every second.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Relics provide special powers available to all gods. Your first Relic is free at Level 1 and your Second Relic is unlocked once you reach Level 12.
PASSIVE - If you are hit by a Knockup, Knockback, Pull, or Grab you gain 7% of your max Health over the next 5 seconds. You gain 15 Physical Power and 25 Magical Power while this effect is not on cooldown. This effect does not trigger on Vortexes. Can only occur once every 15s. PASSIVE - Regenerates 0.4% of your max health every second.
PASSIVE - You gain 15% of your maximum Health and Mana over the next 3 seconds when you get a kill or assist against an enemy god or Objective.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item subtracts 3s from all abilities currently on Cooldown and restores 40% Health and Mana lost within the last 5s. Cooldown - 120s.
PASSIVE - If you are hit by a Knockup, Knockback, Pull, or Grab you gain 7% of your max Health over the next 5 seconds. You gain 15 Physical Power and 25 Magical Power while this effect is not on cooldown. This effect does not trigger on Vortexes. Can only occur once every 15s. PASSIVE - Regenerates 0.4% of your max health every second.
PASSIVE - You gain 15% of your maximum Health and Mana over the next 3 seconds when you get a kill or assist against an enemy god or Objective.
PASSIVE - Basic Attacks and Abilities gain 15% additional Magical Power against targets below 60% Health.
PASSIVE - Your Basic Attacks reduce your target's Magical Protection by 10% for 3s (max 3 Stacks).
PASSIVE - After healing yourself from an ability, you gain 30% movement speed, 15 Physical Power, and 30 Magical Power for 4 seconds. This cannot occur more than once every 10 seconds.
PASSIVE - Each successful basic attack applies a hex to enemies and empowers you, increasing your power by 5% and reducing the power of your opponent by 5% for 5s. (Max. 3 Stacks).
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Relics provide special powers available to all gods. Your first Relic is free at Level 1 and your Second Relic is unlocked once you reach Level 12.
PASSIVE - Killing or assisting an enemy minion provides you with 1 stack, granting 1% Movement Speed and 4 Magical Power per stack. Stacks last for 15s and stack up to 5 times. Enemy gods provide 5 stacks.
PASSIVE - Basic Attacks and Abilities gain 15% additional Magical Power against targets below 60% Health.
PASSIVE - If you are hit by a Knockup, Knockback, Pull, or Grab you gain 7% of your max Health over the next 5 seconds. You gain 15 Physical Power and 25 Magical Power while this effect is not on cooldown. This effect does not trigger on Vortexes. Can only occur once every 15s. PASSIVE - Regenerates 0.4% of your max health every second.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Relics provide special powers available to all gods. Your first Relic is free at Level 1 and your Second Relic is unlocked once you reach Level 12.
PASSIVE - You gain +20% additional Movement Speed after leaving the Fountain. This effect lasts 7s.
PASSIVE - When your Ultimate ability has finished casting, reveal all enemy gods within 120 units for 10s. While moving towards revealed enemies gain 20% Movement Speed. When first striking a revealed target they take an additional 30 + 50% of your Physical Power. This can only occur once every 45 seconds.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Relics provide special powers available to all gods. Your first Relic is free at Level 1 and your Second Relic is unlocked once you reach Level 12.
PASSIVE - Killing or assisting an enemy minion provides you with 1 stack, granting 1% Movement Speed and 4 Magical Power per stack. Stacks last for 15s and stack up to 5 times. Enemy gods provide 5 stacks.
PASSIVE - Basic Attacks and Abilities gain 15% additional Magical Power against targets below 60% Health.
PASSIVE - If you are hit by a Knockup, Knockback, Pull, or Grab you gain 7% of your max Health over the next 5 seconds. You gain 15 Physical Power and 25 Magical Power while this effect is not on cooldown. This effect does not trigger on Vortexes. Can only occur once every 15s. PASSIVE - Regenerates 0.4% of your max health every second.
PASSIVE - You gain 15% of your maximum Health and Mana over the next 3 seconds when you get a kill or assist against an enemy god or Objective.
PASSIVE - Whenever you damage an enemy god with an ability you mark them to take 5% increased damage from all sources. This effect lasts for 8s and can only occur once every 15s.
PASSIVE - You gain +20% additional Movement Speed after leaving the Fountain. This effect lasts 7s.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Relics provide special powers available to all gods. Your first Relic is free at Level 1 and your Second Relic is unlocked once you reach Level 12.
PASSIVE - If you are hit by a Knockup, Knockback, Pull, or Grab you gain 7% of your max Health over the next 5 seconds. You gain 15 Physical Power and 25 Magical Power while this effect is not on cooldown. This effect does not trigger on Vortexes. Can only occur once every 15s. PASSIVE - Regenerates 0.4% of your max health every second.
PASSIVE - You gain 15% of your maximum Health and Mana over the next 3 seconds when you get a kill or assist against an enemy god or Objective.
PASSIVE - When your Ultimate ability has finished casting, reveal all enemy gods within 120 units for 10s. While moving towards revealed enemies gain 20% Movement Speed. When first striking a revealed target they take an additional 30 + 50% of your Physical Power. This can only occur once every 45 seconds.
PASSIVE - For each 0.02 Attack Speed you go over 2.5 Attack Speed, you gain 3 Physical Power. You can not gain more than 120 Physical Power in this way.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Relics provide special powers available to all gods. Your first Relic is free at Level 1 and your Second Relic is unlocked once you reach Level 12.
PASSIVE - If you are hit by a Knockup, Knockback, Pull, or Grab you gain 7% of your max Health over the next 5 seconds. You gain 15 Physical Power and 25 Magical Power while this effect is not on cooldown. This effect does not trigger on Vortexes. Can only occur once every 15s. PASSIVE - Regenerates 0.4% of your max health every second.
PASSIVE - You gain 15% of your maximum Health and Mana over the next 3 seconds when you get a kill or assist against an enemy god or Objective.
PASSIVE - Your Basic Attacks reduce your target's Magical Protection by 10% for 3s (max 3 Stacks).