This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item restores 75 Health + 12 Health per level and 30% Mana to all Allied gods within 35 units. Cooldown - 120s.
PASSIVE - Your Healing obtained from Magical Lifesteal is increased by 15%. Your Magical power is increased by 1.5x the amount of Magical Lifesteal you have.
AURA - Enemy gods within 55 units have their Magical Protection reduced by 10%.
PASSIVE - When your Ultimate ability has finished casting, you gain a Shield equal to 90% of your Protections from items and abilities for 5s. When destroyed, by timing out or being depleted, it explodes in a 30 unit radius and deals Magical damage equal to 75% of your Protections from items and abilities and slows targets by 25% for 3s. This can only occur once every 45 seconds.
PASSIVE - On successful hit of an Ability you gain 1 stack. At 3 Stacks your next Ability that damages an enemy God will deal bonus damage equal to 20% of your Magical power to each God hit, and will heal yourself and allies within 20 units for 15 (+5 Per Level) and will consume the 3 stacks.
PASSIVE - Assists on a minion give 1 Stack and God kills and assists give 5 Stacks. Stacks provide 1 Physical and Magical Protection. At 45 Stacks this item evolves, providing an Aura of 10 Physical Protection and 10 Magical Protection.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item restores 75 Health + 12 Health per level and 30% Mana to all Allied gods within 35 units. Cooldown - 120s.
+10HP5 +20 MP5 +10% Cooldown Reduction +10% Movement Speed ROLE QUEST: UTILITY: COMPLETED!
PASSIVE - Every 10s the Pendant activates, subtracting 1s from all of your abilities currently on Cooldown. The initial countdown will not start until you leave the fountain.
PASSIVE - Your Healing obtained from Magical Lifesteal is increased by 15%. Your Magical power is increased by 1.5x the amount of Magical Lifesteal you have.
PASSIVE - You gain additional Magical Power and Lifesteal scaled from missing Health. This caps at 70 power and 10% Lifesteal at 40% Health.
PASSIVE - Killing or assisting an enemy minion provides you with 1 stack, granting 1% Movement Speed and 4 Magical Power per stack. Stacks last for 10s and stack up to 4 times. Enemy gods provide 4 stacks.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item restores 75 Health + 12 Health per level and 30% Mana to all Allied gods within 35 units. Cooldown - 120s.
PASSIVE - If you receive a kill or assist on an Enemy God all of your non-ultimate cooldowns are reduced by 2 seconds and your ultimate cooldown is reduced by 6 seconds.
PASSIVE - You gain 20% of the Magical protections of the nearby allied god with the highest Magical protections within 70ft.
AURA - Ally lane minions within 70 units gain 25% Health and Attack Speed. Whenever an ally lane minion dies within 70 units of you, gain 5 power per stack, max 6 stacks for 15 seconds.
PASSIVE - On successful hit of an Ability you gain 1 stack. At 3 Stacks your next Ability that damages an enemy God will deal bonus damage equal to 20% of your Magical power to each God hit, and will heal yourself and allies within 20 units for 15 (+5 Per Level) and will consume the 3 stacks.
PASSIVE - Your Healing obtained from Magical Lifesteal is increased by 15%. Your Magical power is increased by 1.5x the amount of Magical Lifesteal you have.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item restores 75 Health + 12 Health per level and 30% Mana to all Allied gods within 35 units. Cooldown - 120s.
+100 Health +10 Physical Protection and Magical Protection +7 HP5 & 7 MP5 while within 60ft of an ally god +3 Gold per Minion Assisted +4 GP5 ROLE QUEST: SUPPORT : COMPLETED!
AURA - Allies within 70 units receive 10 Physical Protection and 10 Magical Protection.
PASSIVE - On successful hit of an Ability you gain 1 stack. At 3 Stacks your next Ability that damages an enemy God will deal bonus damage equal to 20% of your Magical power to each God hit, and will heal yourself and allies within 20 units for 15 (+5 Per Level) and will consume the 3 stacks.
PASSIVE - Your Healing obtained from Magical Lifesteal is increased by 15%. Your Magical power is increased by 1.5x the amount of Magical Lifesteal you have.
PASSIVE - When your Ultimate ability has finished casting, you gain a Shield equal to 90% of your Protections from items and abilities for 5s. When destroyed, by timing out or being depleted, it explodes in a 30 unit radius and deals Magical damage equal to 75% of your Protections from items and abilities and slows targets by 25% for 3s. This can only occur once every 45 seconds.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item restores 75 Health + 12 Health per level and 30% Mana to all Allied gods within 35 units. Cooldown - 120s.
+100 Health +10 Physical Protection and Magical Protection +7 HP5 & 7 MP5 while within 60ft of an ally god +3 Gold per Minion Assisted +4 GP5 ROLE QUEST: SUPPORT : COMPLETED!
AURA - Allied gods within 70 units have their Attack Speed increased by 30%.
AURA - Ally lane minions within 70 units gain 25% Health and Attack Speed. Whenever an ally lane minion dies within 70 units of you, gain 5 power per stack, max 6 stacks for 15 seconds.
PASSIVE - Assists on a minion give 1 Stack and God kills and assists give 5 Stacks. Stacks provide 1 Physical and Magical Protection. At 45 Stacks this item evolves, providing an Aura of 10 Physical Protection and 10 Magical Protection.
PASSIVE - Every 10s the Pendant activates, subtracting 1s from all of your abilities currently on Cooldown. The initial countdown will not start until you leave the fountain.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item restores 75 Health + 12 Health per level and 30% Mana to all Allied gods within 35 units. Cooldown - 120s.
+100 Health +10 Physical Protection and Magical Protection +7 HP5 & 7 MP5 while within 60ft of an ally god +3 Gold per Minion Assisted +4 GP5 ROLE QUEST: SUPPORT : COMPLETED!
PASSIVE - When you take Magical Damage from Abilities your cooldowns are reduced by 3s. This can only occur once every 30s.
PASSIVE - Every 10s the Pendant activates, subtracting 1s from all of your abilities currently on Cooldown. The initial countdown will not start until you leave the fountain.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item restores 75 Health + 12 Health per level and 30% Mana to all Allied gods within 35 units. Cooldown - 120s.
+100 Health +10 Physical Protection and Magical Protection +7 HP5 & 7 MP5 while within 60ft of an ally god +3 Gold per Minion Assisted +4 GP5 ROLE QUEST: SUPPORT : COMPLETED!
AURA - Allies within 70 units receive 10 Physical Protection and 10 Magical Protection.
AURA - Enemies within 55 units have their Attack Speed reduced by 25%.
PASSIVE - When your Ultimate ability has finished casting, you gain a Shield equal to 90% of your Protections from items and abilities for 5s. When destroyed, by timing out or being depleted, it explodes in a 30 unit radius and deals Magical damage equal to 75% of your Protections from items and abilities and slows targets by 25% for 3s. This can only occur once every 45 seconds.
PASSIVE - Your Healing obtained from Magical Lifesteal is increased by 15%. Your Magical power is increased by 1.5x the amount of Magical Lifesteal you have.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item restores 75 Health + 12 Health per level and 30% Mana to all Allied gods within 35 units. Cooldown - 120s.
+10 HP5 +20 MP5 +10% Cooldown Reduction ROLE QUEST: UTILITY Damage enemies or Heal allies to gain stacks. Each time an enemy is damaged or an ally god is healed by your abilities, gain 1 stack. Each ability can only trigger 3 stacks. At 75 Stacks Specialist's Blessing Evolves, gaining 10% Movement Speed.
PASSIVE - On successful hit of an Ability you gain 1 stack. At 3 Stacks your next Ability that damages an enemy God will deal bonus damage equal to 20% of your Magical power to each God hit, and will heal yourself and allies within 20 units for 15 (+5 Per Level) and will consume the 3 stacks.
PASSIVE - You gain additional Magical Power and Lifesteal scaled from missing Health. This caps at 70 power and 10% Lifesteal at 40% Health.
AURA - Enemies within 55 units have their Attack Speed reduced by 25%.
PASSIVE - Gain a stack each time you damage an enemy god with an ability or Basic Attack. At 4 stacks, your next ability or Basic Attack deals 20 + 4 per level Magical damage.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item restores 75 Health + 12 Health per level and 30% Mana to all Allied gods within 35 units. Cooldown - 120s.
+10HP5 +20 MP5 +10% Cooldown Reduction +10% Movement Speed ROLE QUEST: UTILITY: COMPLETED!
PASSIVE - Every 10s the Pendant activates, subtracting 1s from all of your abilities currently on Cooldown. The initial countdown will not start until you leave the fountain.
PASSIVE - Your Healing obtained from Magical Lifesteal is increased by 15%. Your Magical power is increased by 1.5x the amount of Magical Lifesteal you have.
PASSIVE - Your Basic Attacks reduce your target's Magical Protection by 10% for 3s (max 3 Stacks).
PASSIVE - Killing or assisting an enemy minion provides you with 1 stack, granting 1% Movement Speed and 4 Magical Power per stack. Stacks last for 15s and stack up to 5 times. Enemy gods provide 5 stacks.
Using this item restores 75 Health + 12 Health per level and 30% Mana to all Allied gods within 35 units. Cooldown - 120s.
+10HP5 +20 MP5 +10% Cooldown Reduction +10% Movement Speed ROLE QUEST: UTILITY: COMPLETED!
PASSIVE - Every 10s the Pendant activates, subtracting 1s from all of your abilities currently on Cooldown. The initial countdown will not start until you leave the fountain.
AURA - Allied gods within 70 units have their Magical Lifesteal increased by 6% and their Magical Power increased by 15 or their Physical Lifesteal increased by 6% and their Physical Power increased by 15.
PASSIVE - Your next Basic Attack deals an additional 5 + 3 per level Magical Damage. This effect can only occur once every 8s, reduced by 2s for each successful Basic Attack on an enemy god.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item restores 75 Health + 12 Health per level and 30% Mana to all Allied gods within 35 units. Cooldown - 120s.
+10HP5 +20 MP5 +10% Cooldown Reduction +10% Movement Speed ROLE QUEST: UTILITY: COMPLETED!
PASSIVE - Your abilities deal an additional 1% of the target's maximum Health as Magical Damage. If the target has over 2000 Health, your ability bonus damage scales up. This effect reaches a maximum of 9% Maximum Health damage at 2750 Health. Subsequent hits on the same target do half the bonus damage for the next 3s.
PASSIVE - Enemies hit by your damaging abilities will move 30% Slower and will have Shields applied on them reduced by 50% for 2.5 seconds. This can only occur once every 2.5 seconds.
PASSIVE - If you receive a kill or assist on an Enemy God all of your non-ultimate cooldowns are reduced by 2 seconds and your ultimate cooldown is reduced by 6 seconds.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item restores 75 Health + 12 Health per level and 30% Mana to all Allied gods within 35 units. Cooldown - 120s.
+75 Health +25 Physical & Magical Protection +25 Health Stolen and Mana Restored Upon Damaging An Enemy God, 10s Cooldown ROLE QUEST: SOLO: COMPLETED!
PASSIVE - You permanently gain 15 Mana per Stack, and receive 5 Stacks for a god kill, and 1 Stack for a minion kill (max. 50 stacks). You gain Physical Power equal to 2% of your Maximum Mana. At 50 stacks this item Evolves, gaining 10% Cooldown Reduction.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item restores 75 Health + 12 Health per level and 30% Mana to all Allied gods within 35 units. Cooldown - 120s.
+75 Health +25 Physical & Magical Protection +25 Health Stolen and Mana Restored Upon Damaging An Enemy God, 10s Cooldown ROLE QUEST: SOLO: COMPLETED!
PASSIVE - Your abilities deal an additional 2% of the targets maximum Health as Physical Damage. If you have over 150 Physical Power, your ability bonus damage scales up. This effect reaches a maximum of 6% Maximum Health damage at 250 Physical Power. Subsequent hits on the same target do 75% of the bonus damage for the next 3s.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item restores 75 Health + 12 Health per level and 30% Mana to all Allied gods within 35 units. Cooldown - 120s.
+10HP5 +20 MP5 +10% Cooldown Reduction +10% Movement Speed ROLE QUEST: UTILITY: COMPLETED!
AURA - Allies within 70 units receive 10 Physical Protection and 10 Magical Protection.
PASSIVE - On successful hit of an Ability you gain 1 stack. At 3 Stacks your next Ability that damages an enemy God will deal bonus damage equal to 20% of your Magical power to each God hit, and will heal yourself and allies within 20 units for 15 (+5 Per Level) and will consume the 3 stacks.
PASSIVE - When your Ultimate ability has finished casting, you gain a Shield equal to 90% of your Protections from items and abilities for 5s. When destroyed, by timing out or being depleted, it explodes in a 30 unit radius and deals Magical damage equal to 75% of your Protections from items and abilities and slows targets by 25% for 3s. This can only occur once every 45 seconds.
PASSIVE - Using an ability gives your next Basic Attack within the next 8 seconds +75% of your Magical Power as additional Magical Damage. The effect can only apply once every 2 seconds.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item restores 75 Health + 12 Health per level and 30% Mana to all Allied gods within 35 units. Cooldown - 120s.
+10 HP5 +20 MP5 +10% Cooldown Reduction ROLE QUEST: UTILITY Damage enemies or Heal allies to gain stacks. Each time an enemy is damaged or an ally god is healed by your abilities, gain 1 stack. Each ability can only trigger 3 stacks. At 75 Stacks Specialist's Blessing Evolves, gaining 10% Movement Speed.
PASSIVE - Your abilities heal you for 10% of the damage dealt to targets.
PASSIVE - While below 60% Health, you gain an additional 15% Physical Lifesteal for 5 seconds. Can only occur once every 15 seconds.
PASSIVE - On damaging an enemy god with a Basic Attack, gain 2 Physical Pen for 5s, stacks up to 3 times.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item restores 75 Health + 12 Health per level and 30% Mana to all Allied gods within 35 units. Cooldown - 120s.
+10HP5 +20 MP5 +10% Cooldown Reduction +10% Movement Speed ROLE QUEST: UTILITY: COMPLETED!
PASSIVE - Every 10s the Pendant activates, subtracting 1s from all of your abilities currently on Cooldown. The initial countdown will not start until you leave the fountain.
PASSIVE - You gain additional Magical Power and Lifesteal scaled from missing Health. This caps at 70 power and 10% Lifesteal at 40% Health.
PASSIVE - Gain a stack each time you damage an enemy god with an ability or Basic Attack. At 4 stacks, your next ability or Basic Attack deals 20 + 4 per level Magical damage.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item restores 75 Health + 12 Health per level and 30% Mana to all Allied gods within 35 units. Cooldown - 120s.
+10HP5 +20 MP5 +10% Cooldown Reduction +10% Movement Speed ROLE QUEST: UTILITY: COMPLETED!
AURA - Allied gods within 70 units have their Magical Lifesteal increased by 6% and their Magical Power increased by 15 or their Physical Lifesteal increased by 6% and their Physical Power increased by 15.
PASSIVE - Every 10s the Pendant activates, subtracting 1s from all of your abilities currently on Cooldown. The initial countdown will not start until you leave the fountain.
PASSIVE - Each successful basic attack applies a hex to enemies and empowers you, increasing your power by 5% and reducing the power of your opponent by 5% for 5s. (Max. 3 Stacks).
PASSIVE - Killing or assisting an enemy minion provides you with 1 stack, granting 1% Movement Speed and 4 Magical Power per stack. Stacks last for 15s and stack up to 5 times. Enemy gods provide 5 stacks.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item restores 75 Health + 12 Health per level and 30% Mana to all Allied gods within 35 units. Allies affected by Meditation Cloak have their abilities' mana cost reduced by 30% and their Ability Cooldowns reduced by 1s upon use. Cooldown - 120s.
+10HP5 +20 MP5 +10% Cooldown Reduction +10% Movement Speed ROLE QUEST: UTILITY: COMPLETED!
PASSIVE - Your abilities heal you for 10% of the damage dealt to targets.
PASSIVE - While below 60% Health, you gain an additional 15% Physical Lifesteal for 5 seconds. Can only occur once every 15 seconds.
PASSIVE - Successfully Hitting an Enemy God with a Critical Strike will subtract 3s from all of your abilities currently on Cooldown, except your Ultimate ability. This effect can only happen once every 5s.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item restores 75 Health + 12 Health per level and 30% Mana to all Allied gods within 35 units. Allies affected by Meditation Cloak have their abilities' mana cost reduced by 30% and their Ability Cooldowns reduced by 1s upon use. Cooldown - 120s.
+10HP5 +20 MP5 +10% Cooldown Reduction +10% Movement Speed ROLE QUEST: UTILITY: COMPLETED!
PASSIVE - Your abilities heal you for 10% of the damage dealt to targets.
PASSIVE - While below 60% Health, you gain an additional 15% Physical Lifesteal for 5 seconds. Can only occur once every 15 seconds.
PASSIVE - Successfully Hitting an Enemy God with a Critical Strike will subtract 3s from all of your abilities currently on Cooldown, except your Ultimate ability. This effect can only happen once every 5s.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item restores 75 Health + 12 Health per level and 30% Mana to all Allied gods within 35 units. Allies affected by Meditation Cloak have their abilities' mana cost reduced by 30% and their Ability Cooldowns reduced by 1s upon use. Cooldown - 120s.
+10 HP5 +20 MP5 +10% Cooldown Reduction ROLE QUEST: UTILITY Damage enemies or Heal allies to gain stacks. Each time an enemy is damaged or an ally god is healed by your abilities, gain 1 stack. Each ability can only trigger 3 stacks. At 75 Stacks Specialist's Blessing Evolves, gaining 10% Movement Speed.
PASSIVE - Your abilities heal you for 2.5% of damage dealt. Each time anything dies within 80 units you gain a stack. Gods, Large Jungle monsters and Bosses provide 5 stacks. At 100 Stacks Soul Eater Evolves, gaining 15 Physical Power, 4% Physical Lifesteal, and 10% Physical Ability Lifesteal.
PASSIVE - On damaging an enemy god with a Basic Attack, gain 2 Physical Pen for 5s, stacks up to 3 times.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item restores 75 Health + 12 Health per level and 30% Mana to all Allied gods within 35 units. Allies affected by Meditation Cloak have their abilities' mana cost reduced by 30% and their Ability Cooldowns reduced by 1s upon use. Cooldown - 120s.
AURA - Enemies within 55 units have their Attack Speed reduced by 25%.
PASSIVE - Your abilities heal you for 10% of the damage dealt to targets.
PASSIVE - While below 60% Health, you gain an additional 15% Physical Lifesteal for 5 seconds. Can only occur once every 15 seconds.
PASSIVE - Successfully Hitting an Enemy God with a Critical Strike will subtract 3s from all of your abilities currently on Cooldown, except your Ultimate ability. This effect can only happen once every 5s.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item restores 75 Health + 12 Health per level and 30% Mana to all Allied gods within 35 units. Allies affected by Meditation Cloak have their abilities' mana cost reduced by 30% and their Ability Cooldowns reduced by 1s upon use. Cooldown - 120s.
+10 HP5 +20 MP5 +10% Cooldown Reduction ROLE QUEST: UTILITY Damage enemies or Heal allies to gain stacks. Each time an enemy is damaged or an ally god is healed by your abilities, gain 1 stack. Each ability can only trigger 3 stacks. At 75 Stacks Specialist's Blessing Evolves, gaining 10% Movement Speed.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item restores 75 Health + 12 Health per level and 30% Mana to all Allied gods within 35 units. Allies affected by Meditation Cloak have their abilities' mana cost reduced by 30% and their Ability Cooldowns reduced by 1s upon use. Cooldown - 120s.
+10 HP5 +20 MP5 +10% Cooldown Reduction ROLE QUEST: UTILITY Damage enemies or Heal allies to gain stacks. Each time an enemy is damaged or an ally god is healed by your abilities, gain 1 stack. Each ability can only trigger 3 stacks. At 75 Stacks Specialist's Blessing Evolves, gaining 10% Movement Speed.
PASSIVE - Your abilities heal you for 10% of the damage dealt to targets.
PASSIVE - While below 60% Health, you gain an additional 15% Physical Lifesteal for 5 seconds. Can only occur once every 15 seconds.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item restores 75 Health + 12 Health per level and 30% Mana to all Allied gods within 35 units. Allies affected by Meditation Cloak have their abilities' mana cost reduced by 30% and their Ability Cooldowns reduced by 1s upon use. Cooldown - 120s.
+10 HP5 +20 MP5 +10% Cooldown Reduction ROLE QUEST: UTILITY Damage enemies or Heal allies to gain stacks. Each time an enemy is damaged or an ally god is healed by your abilities, gain 1 stack. Each ability can only trigger 3 stacks. At 75 Stacks Specialist's Blessing Evolves, gaining 10% Movement Speed.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item restores 75 Health + 12 Health per level and 30% Mana to all Allied gods within 35 units. Cooldown - 120s.
+10 HP5 +20 MP5 +10% Cooldown Reduction ROLE QUEST: UTILITY Damage enemies or Heal allies to gain stacks. Each time an enemy is damaged or an ally god is healed by your abilities, gain 1 stack. Each ability can only trigger 3 stacks. At 75 Stacks Specialist's Blessing Evolves, gaining 10% Movement Speed.