This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item makes you invulnerable to damage and healing for 1.5s, and prevents you from taking any actions. You may still move. Cooldown - 140s. <font color='#f59b56'>Deal instances of damage or Crowd Control to enemy Gods to upgrade this Relic for free. You may only gain one stack per second.
Using this item grants allied gods within 55 units 20% increased Movement Speed, 10% increased Attack Speed, and Slow immunity for 5s. Cooldown - 120s <font color='#f59b56'>Kill or assist minions to upgrade this Relic for free.
PASSIVE - Your Basic Attack projectile speed is increased by 40%. This item is only available to Hunters and Mages.
PASSIVE - While below 60% Health, you gain an additional 22.5% Physical Lifesteal for 5 seconds. Can only occur once every 15 seconds.
PASSIVE - Your Basic Attacks benefit from an additional 20% Physical Penetration.
PASSIVE - On damaging an enemy god with a Basic Attack, gain 2 Physical Pen for 5s, stacks up to 3 times.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item makes you invulnerable to damage and healing for 1.5s, and prevents you from taking any actions. You may still move. Cooldown - 140s. <font color='#f59b56'>Deal instances of damage or Crowd Control to enemy Gods to upgrade this Relic for free. You may only gain one stack per second.
Using this item will allow you to teleport up to 45 units away instantly, leaving behind a trail of wildfire that burns Enemies that pass through it for 20 (+ 4 per level) True Damage every 0.5s for the next 4s. Additionally, enemies hit have their Movement and Attack Speed Slowed by 15%. These effects persist for 1.5s after leaving the flames. This item can not be used if you have taken or dealt damage in the last 3s. Cooldown - 120s.
AURA - Allies within 70 units receive 10 Physical Protection and 10 Magical Protection.
PASSIVE - Your next successful basic attack on an enemy lane minion causes it to explode, instantly killing it, dealing 50 (+10 Per Level) magical damage to enemies in a small area and providing 15 bonus gold to your nearest ally within 80 ft. This can only happen once every 7s.
PASSIVE - When damaging an enemy god with an ability you deal an additional 15 + 25% of your Protections from items and abilities as Physical Damage. Can only trigger once per enemy per ability. Subsequent hits on the same target do half the bonus damage for the next 3s.
AURA - Allied gods within 70 units have their Physical Protections increased by 15 and their HP5 increased by 25.
PASSIVE - Enemies that successfully land a basic attack on you have their Movement Speed and Attack Speed reduced by 8% for 3 seconds. This effect can stack up to 4 times and can stack with other item slow effects.
PASSIVE - Each second you are in god combat, gain 1 Magical Power and 1% Lifesteal for 5s. Max 20 stacks.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item makes you invulnerable to damage and healing for 1.5s, and prevents you from taking any actions. You may still move. Each instance of damage prevented in this time provides you 7% Movement Speed for 4s, stacking up to 3 times. Cooldown - 140s.
Using this item will allow you to teleport up to 45 units away instantly. This item can not be used if you have taken or dealt damage in the last 3s. Cooldown - 120s. <font color='#f59b56'>Deal instances of damage or Crowd Control to enemy Gods to upgrade this Relic for free. You may only gain one stack per second.
PASSIVE - Your Basic Attack projectile speed is increased by 40%. This item is only available to Hunters and Mages.
PASSIVE - Your Basic Attacks benefit from an additional 20% Physical Penetration.
PASSIVE - While below 60% Health, you gain an additional 22.5% Physical Lifesteal for 5 seconds. Can only occur once every 15 seconds.
PASSIVE - Every fourth Basic Attack triggers a chain lightning, damaging the target and up to 4 nearby enemies for 15 damage +60% of your total Basic Attack Power.
PASSIVE - On Basic Attack hits, deal Physical Damage equal to 1.5% of the target's maximum Health. If the target has over 2000 Health, the bonus damage scales up. This effect reaches a maximum of 6% of the targets Maximum Health at 2750 Health.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item makes you invulnerable to damage and healing for 1.5s, and prevents you from taking any actions. You may still move. Each instance of damage prevented in this time provides you 7% Movement Speed for 4s, stacking up to 3 times. Cooldown - 140s.
Using this item will allow you to teleport up to 45 units away instantly. This item can not be used if you have taken or dealt damage in the last 3s. Cooldown - 120s. <font color='#f59b56'>Deal instances of damage or Crowd Control to enemy Gods to upgrade this Relic for free. You may only gain one stack per second.
PASSIVE - Every 8s the highest health enemy minion or jungle monster within 80 units of you is marked. If you secure the killing blow on that target you gain 4 bonus gold and 25% attack speed for 8s, and restore 30 Mana. Can be upgraded at level 20.
PASSIVE - Your Critical Hits provide you with 10% Physical Penetration for 4s.
PASSIVE - On Basic Attack hits, deal Physical Damage equal to 1.5% of the target's maximum Health. If the target has over 2000 Health, the bonus damage scales up. This effect reaches a maximum of 6% of the targets Maximum Health at 2750 Health.
PASSIVE - Your Basic Attacks benefit from an additional 20% Physical Penetration.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item will allow you to teleport up to 45 units away instantly. This item can not be used if you have taken or dealt damage in the last 3s. Cooldown - 120s. <font color='#f59b56'>Deal instances of damage or Crowd Control to enemy Gods to upgrade this Relic for free. You may only gain one stack per second.
Using this item makes you invulnerable to damage and healing for 1.5s, and prevents you from taking any actions. You may still move. Cooldown - 170s. <font color='#f59b56'>Kill or assist minions to upgrade this Relic for free.
PASSIVE - Damaging an enemy god deals 25 (+1.5 per level) damage and restores 25 (+1.5 per level) Health and Mana. This effect can only occur once every 10s. Can be upgraded at level 20.
PASSIVE - Successfully hitting an enemy god with a Crowd Control ability will place a debuff on them, reducing their Physical and Magical Protections by 0.8 * your level for 5s.
PASSIVE - When damaging an enemy god with an ability you deal an additional 15 + 25% of your Protections from items and abilities as Physical Damage. Can only trigger once per enemy per ability. Subsequent hits on the same target do half the bonus damage for the next 3s.
PASSIVE - For each enemy God within 55 units of you, you gain a stack of 4% Damage Mitigation. This caps at 3 stacks.
PASSIVE - When you take Magical Damage from Abilities your cooldowns are reduced by 3s. This can only occur once every 30s.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item will allow you to teleport up to 45 units away instantly. This item can not be used if you have taken or dealt damage in the last 3s. Cooldown - 120s. <font color='#f59b56'>Deal instances of damage or Crowd Control to enemy Gods to upgrade this Relic for free. You may only gain one stack per second.
Using this item makes you invulnerable to damage and healing for 1.5s, and prevents you from taking any actions. You may still move. Cooldown - 170s. <font color='#f59b56'>Kill or assist minions to upgrade this Relic for free.
AURA - Allies within 70 units receive 10 Physical Protection and 10 Magical Protection.
PASSIVE - For each enemy God within 55 units of you, you gain a stack of 4% Damage Mitigation. This caps at 3 stacks.
PASSIVE - Deal 15 Magical damage per second to all enemies within 25 units of you.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item makes you invulnerable to damage and healing for 1.5s, and prevents you from taking any actions. You may still move. Each instance of damage prevented in this time provides you 7% Movement Speed for 4s, stacking up to 3 times. Cooldown - 140s.
Place a radiant glow at a target location for 90s. Allies who move through this field gain 10% increased Power and 15% Movement Speed for 8s. This fragment acts as a Sentry Ward. If destroyed the cooldown of the relic is reduced by 20s. Cooldown - 100s.
AURA - You gain 8 GP5 if you have the lowest gold on your team. Damage taken by allied gods within 70 units of you is reduced by 12%, up to a maximum of 100 damage. The reduced damage is redirected to you as Magical Damage. If you would die from this damage it does not get reduced or redirected.
PASSIVE - If you take damage below 40% health you unleash a shockwave that stuns all enemies within a range of 20 units for 1s and become immune to Crowd Control for 1s. This effect cannot trigger more than once every 110s.
PASSIVE - On successful hit of an Ability you gain 1 stack. At 3 Stacks your next Ability that damages an enemy God will deal bonus damage equal to 25% of your Magical power to each God hit, and will heal yourself and allies within 20 units for 30 (+5 Per Level) and will consume the 3 stacks.
AURA - Enemy gods within 55 units have their healing reduced by 25%. This does not stack with similar Auras. PASSIVE - When you are hit by a Hard Crowd Control, the enemy receives an aura that deals 25 Magical Damage per second to them and other enemies within a 25 unit radius for 5s. This aura is refreshed if an enemy applies additional Hard Crowd Control to you within 5s.
AURA - Enemy gods within 55 units have their healing reduced by 25%. This does not stack with similar Auras. PASSIVE - Enemies that successfully damage you have their Healing reduced by an additional 5% for 3s. This can stack up to 6 times.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item will allow you to teleport up to 45 units away instantly. This item can not be used if you have taken or dealt damage in the last 3s. Cooldown - 120s. <font color='#f59b56'>Deal instances of damage or Crowd Control to enemy Gods to upgrade this Relic for free. You may only gain one stack per second.
Using this item makes you invulnerable to damage and healing for 1.5s, and prevents you from taking any actions. You may still move. Cooldown - 140s. <font color='#f59b56'>Deal instances of damage or Crowd Control to enemy Gods to upgrade this Relic for free. You may only gain one stack per second.
AURA - Allies within 70 units receive 10 Physical Protection and 10 Magical Protection.
PASSIVE - Gain a stack each time you damage an enemy god with an ability or Basic Attack. At 4 stacks, your next ability or Basic Attack deals 20 + 4 per level Magical damage.
AURA - Allied gods within 70 units have their Magical Protections increased by 15 and their MP5 increased by 30. <n>GLYPH - Gain a stack each time an enemy within 55 units casts an ability. At 3 stacks, your next basic attack against an enemy god will silence them for 1.5s. This effect can only occur every 8s.
PASSIVE - Successfully hitting an enemy god with a Crowd Control ability will place a debuff on them, reducing their Physical and Magical Protections by 0.8 * your level for 5s.
AURA - Enemy gods within 55 units have their healing reduced by 25%. This does not stack with similar Auras. PASSIVE - Enemies that successfully damage you have their Healing reduced by an additional 5% for 3s. This can stack up to 6 times.
PASSIVE - Using an ability gives your next Basic Attack within the next 8 seconds +75% of your Magical Power as additional Magical Damage. The effect can only apply once every 2 seconds.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
PASSIVE - Every successful Basic Attack increases your Physical Power by 10 and reduces the attack speed of your opponent by 7% for 5s. (Max. 3 Stacks)
PASSIVE - Every fourth Basic Attack triggers a chain lightning, damaging the target and up to 4 nearby enemies for 15 damage +60% of your total Basic Attack Power.
PASSIVE - While below 60% Health, you gain an additional 15% Physical Lifesteal for 5 seconds. Can only occur once every 15 seconds.
PASSIVE - On Basic Attack hits, deal Physical Damage equal to 1.5% of the target's maximum Health. If the target has over 2000 Health, the bonus damage scales up. This effect reaches a maximum of 6% of the targets Maximum Health at 2750 Health.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
PASSIVE - Your Basic Attacks deal +25 True Damage and your Abilities deal +35% Damage versus Jungle Monsters. When you kill a Jungle Monster you are restored for 10% of the Monster's Health and 25 Mana. Can be upgraded at level 20.
PASSIVE - You gain Physical Power equal to 2% of your Maximum Mana.
PASSIVE - If you take damage below 40% health you unleash a shockwave that stuns all enemies within a range of 20 units for 1s and become immune to Crowd Control for 1s. This effect cannot trigger more than once every 110s.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
PASSIVE - Every successful Basic Attack increases your Physical Power by 10 and reduces the attack speed of your opponent by 7% for 5s. (Max. 3 Stacks)
PASSIVE - Every fourth Basic Attack triggers a chain lightning, damaging the target and up to 4 nearby enemies for 15 damage +60% of your total Basic Attack Power.
PASSIVE - Basic Attacks against an enemy reduce your target's Physical Protection by 7% for 3 seconds (max. 4 Stacks).
PASSIVE - While below 60% Health, you gain an additional 15% Physical Lifesteal for 5 seconds. Can only occur once every 15 seconds.
PASSIVE - For each 0.02 Attack Speed you go over 2.5 Attack Speed, you gain 3 Physical Power. You can not gain more than 120 Physical Power in this way.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
PASSIVE - You deal 30% increased damage to Jungle Monsters. Upon defeating a Large Jungle Monster you place a ward at its location that lasts for 30 seconds. While in the jungle you gain 3% Movement Speed, +20 HP5 and +15 MP5 Can be upgraded at level 20.
PASSIVE - Hitting an enemy with a Basic Attack grants Haste for 1s, causing you to be immune from Basic Attack Movement Penalty.
PASSIVE - On Basic Attack hits, deal Physical Damage equal to 1.5% of the target's maximum Health. If the target has over 2000 Health, the bonus damage scales up. This effect reaches a maximum of 6% of the targets Maximum Health at 2750 Health.
PASSIVE - Melee Basic Attacks decreases enemy Physical protections by 7, and increase your physical protection by 5 for 3s (max. 2 Stacks).
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
PASSIVE - Damaging an enemy god deals 25 (+1.5 per level) damage and restores 25 (+1.5 per level) Health and Mana. This effect can only occur once every 10s. Can be upgraded at level 20.
PASSIVE - On Basic Attack hits, deal Physical Damage equal to 1.5% of the target's maximum Health. If the target has over 2000 Health, the bonus damage scales up. This effect reaches a maximum of 6% of the targets Maximum Health at 2750 Health.
PASSIVE - Gain 5% Movement Speed for 10s on killing or assisting an enemy god. Stacks up to 3 times.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
PASSIVE - Getting the assist for an enemy minion or jungle monster dying will provide 8 Bonus gold and restore 12 Health and 8 Mana. If you are not within 30 units of an allied god for 20 seconds this passive is disabled until you are near an allied god again. Can be upgraded at level 15.
PASSIVE - Assists on a minion give 1 Stack and God kills and assists give 5 Stacks. Stacks provide 1 Physical and Magical Protection. At 45 Stacks this item evolves, providing an Aura of 10 Physical Protection and 10 Magical Protection.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
PASSIVE - This item grants 2 MP5 per 10% of your missing Mana. Your damaging abilities deal an extra 15 true damage to minions. Can be upgraded at level 20.
PASSIVE - Whenever you damage an enemy god with an ability you mark them to take 5% increased damage from all sources. This effect lasts for 8s and can only occur once every 15s.
PASSIVE - You gain additional Magical Power and Lifesteal scaled from missing Health. This caps at 70 power and 10% Lifesteal at 40% Health.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
PASSIVE - Basic Attacks against an enemy reduce your target's Physical Protection by 7% for 3 seconds (max. 4 Stacks).
PASSIVE - Killing an enemy god or minion gives you stacks of +.4 Physical Power, +.2 Physical Penetration and +.1% Physical Lifesteal. You receive 5 stacks for a god kill and 1 stack for a minion kill. At 50 stacks this item Evolves, gaining 5 Physical Penetration.
PASSIVE - When critically striking an enemy, gain a stack of 5 Physical Power, max 3 stacks, for 5s.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
PASSIVE - Your Basic Attacks deal +25 True Damage and your Abilities deal +35% Damage versus Jungle Monsters. When you kill a Jungle Monster you are restored for 10% of the Monster's Health and 25 Mana. Can be upgraded at level 20.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
PASSIVE - Your Basic Attacks deal +25 True Damage and your Abilities deal +35% Damage versus Jungle Monsters. When you kill a Jungle Monster you are restored for 10% of the Monster's Health and 25 Mana. Can be upgraded at level 20.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
PASSIVE - After casting an ability your next Basic Attack deals an additional 70 True Damage. After hitting a Basic Attack empowered by Bumba’s Hammer, your active cooldowns are reduced by 0.5s and you are healed for 80 Health.
PASSIVE - On Basic Attack hits, deal Physical Damage equal to 1.5% of the target's maximum Health. If the target has over 2000 Health, the bonus damage scales up. This effect reaches a maximum of 6% of the targets Maximum Health at 2750 Health.
PASSIVE - For every non-ultimate ability on cooldown you gain a stack of Cruelty. Each stack provides 7 Physical Power and 2% Physical Lifesteal.
PASSIVE - Upon getting a kill or assist on an Enemy god you gain Atalanta's Agility for 10s. This effect increases your Attack Speed by 20% and decreases the Movement Penalty for attacking, backpedaling, and strafing by 30%.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
PASSIVE - Your Basic Attacks deal +25 True Damage and your Abilities deal +35% Damage versus Jungle Monsters. When you kill a Jungle Monster you are restored for 10% of the Monster's Health and 25 Mana. Can be upgraded at level 20.
PASSIVE - On Basic Attack hits, deal Physical Damage equal to 1.5% of the target's maximum Health. If the target has over 2000 Health, the bonus damage scales up. This effect reaches a maximum of 6% of the targets Maximum Health at 2750 Health.
PASSIVE - For every non-ultimate ability on cooldown you gain a stack of Cruelty. Each stack provides 7 Physical Power and 2% Physical Lifesteal.
PASSIVE - Upon getting a kill or assist on an Enemy god you gain Atalanta's Agility for 10s. This effect increases your Attack Speed by 20% and decreases the Movement Penalty for attacking, backpedaling, and strafing by 30%.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item applies a shield to himself and allies within 35 units for 100 Health + 12 Health per God Level for 3 seconds. Additionally, all allies take 20% reduced damage from Basic Attacks while the shield is active. Cooldown - 150s.
AURA - Allied gods within 70 units have their Physical Protections increased by 15 and their HP5 increased by 25.
AURA - Enemy gods within 55 units have their Magical Protection reduced by 10%.
PASSIVE - Your abilities deal an additional 1% of the target's maximum Health as Magical Damage. If the target has over 2000 Health, your ability bonus damage scales up. This effect reaches a maximum of 9% Maximum Health damage at 2750 Health. Subsequent hits on the same target do half the bonus damage for the next 3s.
AURA - ALL enemies within 25 units are dealt 20 (+1.5 Per Level) Magical Damage per second.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
AURA - ALL enemies within 25 units are dealt 20 (+1.5 Per Level) Magical Damage per second.
PASSIVE - Your abilities deal an additional 2% of the targets maximum Health as Physical Damage. If you have over 150 Physical Power, your ability bonus damage scales up. This effect reaches a maximum of 6% Maximum Health damage at 250 Physical Power. Subsequent hits on the same target do 75% of the bonus damage for the next 3s.
PASSIVE - For every non-ultimate ability on cooldown you gain a stack of Cruelty. Each stack provides 7 Physical Power and 2% Physical Lifesteal.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item applies a shield to himself and allies within 35 units for 100 Health + 12 Health per God Level for 3 seconds. Additionally, all allies take 20% reduced damage from Basic Attacks while the shield is active. Cooldown - 150s.
+100 Health +10 Physical Protection and Magical Protection +7 HP5 & 7 MP5 while within 60ft of an ally god +3 Gold per Minion Assisted +4 GP5 ROLE QUEST: SUPPORT : COMPLETED!
PASSIVE - Every time you are damaged by a god you gain a stack that provides 3 Physical and Magical Protections. Stacks up to 7 times, Lasts 6s
AURA - Enemy gods within 55 units have their Magical Protection reduced by 10%.
PASSIVE - When you are hit by an ability that deals Magical damage, gain 5% Magical Damage Mitigation for 5s. ICD 12s.
PASSIVE - For each enemy God within 55 units of you, you gain a stack of 4% Damage Mitigation. This caps at 3 stacks.
AURA - Enemy gods within 55 units have their healing reduced by 25%. This does not stack with similar Auras.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
+10 Bonus Ability Damage +10 Physical Power +30 Magical Power +2 MP5 Per 10% Missing Mana +10% Cooldown Reduction ROLE QUEST: MID: COMPLETED!
AURA - Enemy gods within 55 units have their Magical Protection reduced by 10%.
PASSIVE - Enemies hit by your damaging abilities will move 30% Slower and will have Shields applied on them reduced by 50% for 2.5 seconds. This can only occur once every 2.5 seconds.
PASSIVE - You gain additional Magical Power and Lifesteal scaled from missing Health. This caps at 70 power and 10% Lifesteal at 40% Health.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
PASSIVE - Critical Strike bonus damage dealt is increased by 25%.
PASSIVE - Successfully Hitting an Enemy God with a Critical Strike will subtract 3s from all of your abilities currently on Cooldown, except your Ultimate ability. This effect can only happen once every 5s.
PASSIVE - Upon getting a kill or assist on an Enemy god you gain Atalanta's Agility for 10s. This effect increases your Attack Speed by 20% and decreases the Movement Penalty for attacking, backpedaling, and strafing by 30%.
PASSIVE - On Basic Attack hits, deal Physical Damage equal to 1.5% of the target's maximum Health. If the target has over 2000 Health, the bonus damage scales up. This effect reaches a maximum of 6% of the targets Maximum Health at 2750 Health.
PASSIVE - Basic Attacks against an enemy reduce your target's Physical Protection by 7% for 3 seconds (max. 4 Stacks).