This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
PASSIVE - Every 0.5 seconds you gain a stack of Arcane Energy, causing your next damaging ability to deal an additional 2 True Damage and remove all stacks. Also deals an additional 1 true damage per stack to minions. This effect stacks up to 20 times. Can be upgraded at level 20.
PASSIVE - Basic Attacks and Abilities gain 15% additional Magical Power against targets below 60% Health.
PASSIVE - On damaging an enemy god, once per ability, gain 2 Magical Pen for 10s, stacks up to 3 times.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item fires a bolt that travels 70 units, stopping on the first god hit dealing 15% of the target's Current Health as True Damage, destroying any shields, and increasing their damage taken by 20% for 5s. Cooldown - 110s.
AURA - You gain 8 GP5 if you have the lowest gold on your team. Damage taken by allied gods within 70 units of you is reduced by 12%, up to a maximum of 100 damage. The reduced damage is redirected to you as Magical Damage. If you would die from this damage it does not get reduced or redirected.
AURA - Allies within 70 units receive 10 Physical Protection and 10 Magical Protection.
PASSIVE - Every time you are damaged by a god you gain a stack that provides 3 Physical and Magical Protections. Stacks up to 7 times, Lasts 6s
PASSIVE - You gain an additional 15% Damage Mitigation for 3s whenever you are hit with a hard Crowd Control Effect or Root. This can only occur once every 15 seconds.
PASSIVE - When your Ultimate ability has finished casting, you gain a Shield equal to 90% of your Protections from items and abilities for 5s. When destroyed, by timing out or being depleted, it explodes in a 30 unit radius and deals Magical damage equal to 75% of your Protections from items and abilities and slows targets by 25% for 3s. This can only occur once every 45 seconds.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
PASSIVE - This item grants 2 MP5 per 10% of your missing Mana. Your damaging abilities deal an extra 15 true damage to minions. Can be upgraded at level 20.
PASSIVE - Whenever you damage an enemy god with an ability you mark them to take 5% increased damage from all sources. This effect lasts for 8s and can only occur once every 15s.
PASSIVE - On successful hit of an Ability you gain 1 stack. At 3 Stacks your next Ability that damages an enemy God will deal bonus damage equal to 20% of your Magical power to each God hit, and will heal yourself and allies within 20 units for 15 (+5 Per Level) and will consume the 3 stacks.
PASSIVE - Basic Attacks and Abilities gain 15% additional Magical Power against targets below 60% Health.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
PASSIVE - This item grants 2 MP5 per 10% of your missing Mana. Your damaging abilities deal an extra 15 true damage to minions. Can be upgraded at level 20.
PASSIVE - Whenever you damage an enemy god with an ability you mark them to take 5% increased damage from all sources. This effect lasts for 8s and can only occur once every 15s.
PASSIVE - On successful hit of an Ability you gain 1 stack. At 3 Stacks your next Ability that damages an enemy God will deal bonus damage equal to 20% of your Magical power to each God hit, and will heal yourself and allies within 20 units for 15 (+5 Per Level) and will consume the 3 stacks.
PASSIVE - You permanently gain +1 Health and +0.6 Magical Power per Stack, and receive 5 Stacks for a god kill and 1 Stack per minion kill. At 75 stacks this item Evolves, gaining 10% Magical Penetration and 25 Health.
PASSIVE - Basic Attacks and Abilities gain 15% additional Magical Power against targets below 60% Health.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item restores 75 Health + 12 Health per level and 30% Mana to all Allied gods within 35 units. Cooldown - 120s.
AURA - You gain 8 GP5 if you have the lowest gold on your team. Evenly split 80 Physical and Magical Protection among all allied gods within 70 units and yourself. If you are alone you only gain 30 Physical and Magical Protections.
AURA - Allies within 70 units receive 10 Physical Protection and 10 Magical Protection.
PASSIVE - On successful hit of an Ability you gain 1 stack. At 3 Stacks your next Ability that damages an enemy God will deal bonus damage equal to 20% of your Magical power to each God hit, and will heal yourself and allies within 20 units for 15 (+5 Per Level) and will consume the 3 stacks.
PASSIVE - You gain an additional 15% Damage Mitigation for 3s whenever you are hit with a hard Crowd Control Effect or Root. This can only occur once every 15 seconds.
PASSIVE - If you take damage below 40% health you unleash a shockwave that stuns all enemies within a range of 20 units for 1s and become immune to Crowd Control for 1s. This effect cannot trigger more than once every 110s.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
PASSIVE - Your Basic Attacks benefit from an additional 20% Physical Penetration.
PASSIVE - Killing an enemy god forges a shield from their blood with Health equal to 200 + 10 per Player Level for 20s. While the Blood Shield is active you gain +10% movement speed.
PASSIVE - Your Critical Hits provide you with 10% Physical Penetration for 4s.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item restores 75 Health + 12 Health per level and 30% Mana to all Allied gods within 35 units. Cooldown - 120s.
PASSIVE - Every 0.5 seconds you gain a stack of Arcane Energy, causing your next damaging ability to deal an additional 2 True Damage and remove all stacks. Also deals an additional 1 true damage per stack to minions. This effect stacks up to 20 times. Can be upgraded at level 20.
PASSIVE - Basic Attacks and Abilities gain 15% additional Magical Power against targets below 60% Health.
PASSIVE - If you receive a kill or assist on an Enemy God all of your non-ultimate cooldowns are reduced by 2 seconds and your ultimate cooldown is reduced by 6 seconds.
PASSIVE - On damaging an enemy god, once per ability, gain 2 Magical Pen for 10s, stacks up to 3 times.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
PASSIVE - Every 0.5s you gain a stack of Demise, causing your next damaging ability that hits an enemy god deals an additional 1.5% of your Magical Power in damage and remove all stacks. This effect stacks up to 20 times.
PASSIVE - Basic Attacks and Abilities gain 15% additional Magical Power against targets below 60% Health.
PASSIVE - If you receive a kill or assist on an Enemy God all of your non-ultimate cooldowns are reduced by 2 seconds and your ultimate cooldown is reduced by 6 seconds.
PASSIVE - Whenever you damage an enemy god with an ability you mark them to take 5% increased damage from all sources. This effect lasts for 8s and can only occur once every 15s.
PASSIVE - On successful hit of an Ability you gain 1 stack. At 3 Stacks your next Ability that damages an enemy God will deal bonus damage equal to 20% of your Magical power to each God hit, and will heal yourself and allies within 20 units for 15 (+5 Per Level) and will consume the 3 stacks.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
PASSIVE - Every 0.5 seconds you gain a stack of Arcane Energy, causing your next damaging ability to deal an additional 2 True Damage and remove all stacks. Also deals an additional 1 true damage per stack to minions. This effect stacks up to 20 times. Can be upgraded at level 20.
PASSIVE - Basic Attacks and Abilities gain 15% additional Magical Power against targets below 60% Health.
PASSIVE - If you receive a kill or assist on an Enemy God all of your non-ultimate cooldowns are reduced by 2 seconds and your ultimate cooldown is reduced by 6 seconds.
PASSIVE - On damaging an enemy god, once per ability, gain 2 Magical Pen for 10s, stacks up to 3 times.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item fires a bolt that travels 70 units, stopping on the first god hit dealing 15% of the target's Current Health as True Damage and destroying any shields. Cooldown - 110s.
AURA - You gain 8 GP5 if you have the lowest gold on your team. Evenly split 80 Physical and Magical Protection among all allied gods within 70 units and yourself. If you are alone you only gain 30 Physical and Magical Protections.
AURA - Allies within 70 units receive 10 Physical Protection and 10 Magical Protection.
PASSIVE - You gain an additional 15% Damage Mitigation for 3s whenever you are hit with a hard Crowd Control Effect or Root. This can only occur once every 15 seconds.
PASSIVE - On successful hit of an Ability you gain 1 stack. At 3 Stacks your next Ability that damages an enemy God will deal bonus damage equal to 20% of your Magical power to each God hit, and will heal yourself and allies within 20 units for 15 (+5 Per Level) and will consume the 3 stacks.
PASSIVE - Whenever you damage an enemy god with an ability you steal 8% maximum mana as well as 6% maximum health from the target. The Stats remain stolen for 60s and targets affected can have up to 4 Buffs and Debuffs at once. This can only occur once every 15 seconds.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
PASSIVE - Every 0.5s you gain a stack of Demise, causing your next damaging ability that hits an enemy god deals an additional 1.5% of your Magical Power in damage and remove all stacks. This effect stacks up to 20 times.
PASSIVE - Basic Attacks and Abilities gain 15% additional Magical Power against targets below 60% Health.
PASSIVE - If you receive a kill or assist on an Enemy God all of your non-ultimate cooldowns are reduced by 2 seconds and your ultimate cooldown is reduced by 6 seconds.
PASSIVE - Whenever you damage an enemy god with an ability you mark them to take 5% increased damage from all sources. This effect lasts for 8s and can only occur once every 15s.
PASSIVE - On successful hit of an Ability you gain 1 stack. At 3 Stacks your next Ability that damages an enemy God will deal bonus damage equal to 20% of your Magical power to each God hit, and will heal yourself and allies within 20 units for 15 (+5 Per Level) and will consume the 3 stacks.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item restores 75 Health + 12 Health per level and 30% Mana to all Allied gods within 35 units. Allies affected by Meditation Cloak have their abilities' mana cost reduced by 30% and their Ability Cooldowns reduced by 1s upon use. Cooldown - 120s.
PASSIVE - This item grants 4 MP5 per 10% of your missing Mana. This item grants 7 Magical power per 10% of your available Mana.
PASSIVE - Whenever you damage an enemy god with an ability you mark them to take 5% increased damage from all sources. This effect lasts for 8s and can only occur once every 15s.
PASSIVE - You permanently gain +1 Health and +0.6 Magical Power per Stack, and receive 5 Stacks for a god kill and 1 Stack per minion kill. At 75 stacks this item Evolves, gaining 10% Magical Penetration and 25 Health.
PASSIVE - On successful hit of an Ability you gain 1 stack. At 3 Stacks your next Ability that damages an enemy God will deal bonus damage equal to 20% of your Magical power to each God hit, and will heal yourself and allies within 20 units for 15 (+5 Per Level) and will consume the 3 stacks.
PASSIVE - Basic Attacks and Abilities gain 15% additional Magical Power against targets below 60% Health.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item applies a shield to himself and allies within 35 units for 100 Health + 12 Health per God Level for 3 seconds. Additionally, all allies take 50% reduced damage from Basic Attacks while the shield is active. Cooldown - 150s.
PASSIVE - Every time you are damaged by a god you gain a stack that provides 3 Physical and Magical Protections. Stacks up to 7 times, Lasts 6s
PASSIVE - Getting the assist for an enemy minion or jungle monster dying will provide 8 Bonus gold and restore 12 Health and 8 Mana. If you are not within 30 units of an allied god for 20 seconds this passive is disabled until you are near an allied god again. Can be upgraded at level 15.
AURA - Allies within 70 units receive 10 Physical Protection and 10 Magical Protection.
PASSIVE - You gain an additional 15% Damage Mitigation for 3s whenever you are hit with a hard Crowd Control Effect or Root. This can only occur once every 15 seconds.
PASSIVE - On successful hit of an Ability you gain 1 stack. At 3 Stacks your next Ability that damages an enemy God will deal bonus damage equal to 20% of your Magical power to each God hit, and will heal yourself and allies within 20 units for 15 (+5 Per Level) and will consume the 3 stacks.
PASSIVE - If you take damage below 40% health you unleash a shockwave that stuns all enemies within a range of 20 units for 1s and become immune to Crowd Control for 1s. This effect cannot trigger more than once every 110s.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
PASSIVE - This item grants 2 MP5 per 10% of your missing Mana. Your damaging abilities deal an extra 15 true damage to minions. Can be upgraded at level 20.
PASSIVE - On damaging an enemy god, once per ability, gain 2 Magical Pen for 10s, stacks up to 3 times.
PASSIVE - On leveling up, heal 15% of your Maximum Health and Mana over 3s.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
PASSIVE - Getting the assist for an enemy minion or jungle monster dying will provide 8 Bonus gold and restore 12 Health and 8 Mana. If you are not within 30 units of an allied god for 20 seconds this passive is disabled until you are near an allied god again. Can be upgraded at level 15.
AURA - Allies within 70 units receive 10 Physical Protection and 10 Magical Protection.
AURA - Allied gods within 70 units have their Physical Protections increased by 15 and their HP5 increased by 25.
PASSIVE - Enemies hit by your abilities have 40% reduced healing for 5 seconds.
PASSIVE - For each enemy God within 55 units of you, you gain a stack of 4% Damage Mitigation. This caps at 3 stacks.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
PASSIVE - This item grants 2 MP5 per 10% of your missing Mana. Your damaging abilities deal an extra 15 true damage to minions. Can be upgraded at level 20.
PASSIVE - Whenever you damage an enemy god with an ability you mark them to take 5% increased damage from all sources. This effect lasts for 8s and can only occur once every 15s.
PASSIVE - You permanently gain +1 Health and +0.6 Magical Power per Stack, and receive 5 Stacks for a god kill and 1 Stack per minion kill. At 75 stacks this item Evolves, gaining 10% Magical Penetration and 25 Health.
PASSIVE - On successful hit of an Ability you gain 1 stack. At 3 Stacks your next Ability that damages an enemy God will deal bonus damage equal to 20% of your Magical power to each God hit, and will heal yourself and allies within 20 units for 15 (+5 Per Level) and will consume the 3 stacks.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item restores 75 Health + 12 Health per level and 30% Mana to all Allied gods within 35 units. Cooldown - 120s.
PASSIVE - This item grants 2 MP5 per 10% of your missing Mana. Your damaging abilities deal an extra 15 true damage to minions. Can be upgraded at level 20.
PASSIVE - Whenever you damage an enemy god with an ability you mark them to take 5% increased damage from all sources. This effect lasts for 8s and can only occur once every 15s.
PASSIVE - You permanently gain +1 Health and +0.6 Magical Power per Stack, and receive 5 Stacks for a god kill and 1 Stack per minion kill. At 75 stacks this item Evolves, gaining 10% Magical Penetration and 25 Health.
PASSIVE - On successful hit of an Ability you gain 1 stack. At 3 Stacks your next Ability that damages an enemy God will deal bonus damage equal to 20% of your Magical power to each God hit, and will heal yourself and allies within 20 units for 15 (+5 Per Level) and will consume the 3 stacks.
PASSIVE - Your abilities deal an additional 1% of the target's maximum Health as Magical Damage. If the target has over 2000 Health, your ability bonus damage scales up. This effect reaches a maximum of 9% Maximum Health damage at 2750 Health. Subsequent hits on the same target do half the bonus damage for the next 3s.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
AURA - You gain 8 GP5 if you have the lowest gold on your team. Evenly split 80 Physical and Magical Protection among all allied gods within 70 units and yourself. If you are alone you only gain 30 Physical and Magical Protections.
AURA - Allies within 70 units receive 10 Physical Protection and 10 Magical Protection.
AURA - Allied gods within 70 units have their Magical Protections increased by 15 and their MP5 increased by 30.
AURA - Damageable enemy structures within 55 units have their Attack Speed reduced by 30%. Damageable allied structures within 55 units have their Attack Speed increased by 30%.
PASSIVE - Enemies hit by your abilities have 40% reduced healing for 5 seconds.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item restores 75 Health + 12 Health per level and 30% Mana to all Allied gods within 35 units. Allies affected by Meditation Cloak have their abilities' mana cost reduced by 30% and their Ability Cooldowns reduced by 1s upon use. Cooldown - 120s.
AURA - You gain 8 GP5 if you have the lowest gold on your team. Evenly split 80 Physical and Magical Protection among all allied gods within 70 units and yourself. If you are alone you only gain 30 Physical and Magical Protections.
PASSIVE - For each enemy god within 55 units of you, you gain a stacking buff that provides 10 Physical Protections and 8 Magical Protections. Stacks up to 3 times.
PASSIVE - Every time you are damaged by a god you gain a stack that provides 3 Physical and Magical Protections. Stacks up to 7 times, Lasts 6s
PASSIVE - When you are hit by an enemy god you gain a stack, up to once a second, increasing your protections by 5. Max of 4 stacks, lasts for 5s each. At max stacks, upon being hit you are immediately healed for 10% of your maximum health. Allies within 35 units heal for 10% of their maximum health over 5s. This effect can only occur once every 30 seconds.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item restores 75 Health + 12 Health per level and 30% Mana to all Allied gods within 35 units. Cooldown - 120s.
Using this item applies a shield to himself and allies within 35 units for 100 Health + 12 Health per God Level for 3 seconds. Additionally, all allies take 20% reduced damage from Basic Attacks while the shield is active. Cooldown - 150s.
PASSIVE - Damaging an enemy god deals 25 (+1.5 per level) damage and restores 25 (+1.5 per level) Health and Mana. This effect can only occur once every 10s. Can be upgraded at level 20.
PASSIVE - Every time you are damaged by a god you gain a stack that provides 3 Physical and Magical Protections. Stacks up to 7 times, Lasts 6s
AURA - Allies within 70 units receive 10 Physical Protection and 10 Magical Protection.
AURA - Allied gods within 70 units have their Physical Protections increased by 15 and their HP5 increased by 25.
PASSIVE - Your abilities deal an additional 1% of the target's maximum Health as Magical Damage. If the target has over 2000 Health, your ability bonus damage scales up. This effect reaches a maximum of 9% Maximum Health damage at 2750 Health. Subsequent hits on the same target do half the bonus damage for the next 3s.
PASSIVE - When you are hit by an ability that deals Magical damage, gain 5% Magical Damage Mitigation for 5s. ICD 12s.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this restores 40% Health and Mana lost within the last 5s. Cooldown - 120s.
PASSIVE - When you are hit by an ability you gain a stack of Dampening, gaining 5 Protections for 5s and healing for 1% of your Max Health. This occurs only once per ability cast. This can stack twice. Can be upgraded at level 20.
AURA - Enemy gods within 55 units have their Magical Power reduced by 50.
AURA - Enemy gods within 55 units have their Physical Protection reduced by 10%.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item applies a shield to himself and allies within 35 units for 100 Health + 12 Health per God Level for 3 seconds. Additionally, all allies take 50% reduced damage from Basic Attacks while the shield is active. Cooldown - 150s.
AURA - You gain 8 GP5 if you have the lowest gold on your team. Evenly split 80 Physical and Magical Protection among all allied gods within 70 units and yourself. If you are alone you only gain 30 Physical and Magical Protections.
PASSIVE - Every time you are damaged by a god you gain a stack that provides 3 Physical and Magical Protections. Stacks up to 7 times, Lasts 6s
AURA - Allies within 70 units receive 10 Physical Protection and 10 Magical Protection.
PASSIVE - You gain an additional 15% Damage Mitigation for 3s whenever you are hit with a hard Crowd Control Effect or Root. This can only occur once every 15 seconds.
PASSIVE - On successful hit of an Ability you gain 1 stack. At 3 Stacks your next Ability that damages an enemy God will deal bonus damage equal to 20% of your Magical power to each God hit, and will heal yourself and allies within 20 units for 15 (+5 Per Level) and will consume the 3 stacks.
PASSIVE - If you take damage below 40% health you unleash a shockwave that stuns all enemies within a range of 20 units for 1s and become immune to Crowd Control for 1s. This effect cannot trigger more than once every 110s.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
PASSIVE - Hitting an enemy with a Basic Attack restores 2 Health (+0.3% of your Maximum Health) and 1 Mana (+1% of your Maximum Mana). Basic Attacks that deal damage in an AoE restore less health (75% for Melee Attacks, 50% for Ranged Attacks) for each enemy hit after the first. Can be upgraded at level 20.
PASSIVE - Basic Attacks against an enemy reduce your target's Physical Protection by 7% for 3 seconds (max. 4 Stacks).
PASSIVE - Every fourth Basic Attack triggers a chain lightning, damaging the target and up to 4 nearby enemies for 15 damage +60% of your total Basic Attack Power.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
Using this item applies a shield to himself and allies within 35 units for 100 Health + 12 Health per God Level for 3 seconds. Additionally, all allies take 20% reduced damage from Basic Attacks while the shield is active. Cooldown - 150s.
PASSIVE - Getting an assist on an enemy god or minion kill grants 2 Protections for 5s, max 5 stacks
PASSIVE - For each enemy God within 55 units of you, you gain a stack of 4% Damage Mitigation. This caps at 3 stacks.
This is our proprietary skill rating calculation. This has nothing to do with official game ranking or MMR.
The purpose is to show player skill levels relative to other players, not estimate MMR.
PASSIVE - Killing an enemy god forges a shield from their blood with Health equal to 200 + 10 per Player Level for 20s. While the Blood Shield is active you gain +10% movement speed.
PASSIVE - On Basic Attack hits, deal Physical Damage equal to 1.5% of the target's maximum Health. If the target has over 2000 Health, the bonus damage scales up. This effect reaches a maximum of 6% of the targets Maximum Health at 2750 Health.
PASSIVE - Upon getting a kill or assist on an Enemy god you gain Atalanta's Agility for 10s. This effect increases your Attack Speed by 20% and decreases the Movement Penalty for attacking, backpedaling, and strafing by 30%.
PASSIVE - While below 60% Health, you gain an additional 15% Physical Lifesteal for 5 seconds. Can only occur once every 15 seconds.